Flights London Cork
Etimologji - Shenime XIII
Sanskrishtja njihet ne Perendim ne shekullin e 16-te Te gjitha poshtersite me historine dhe gjuhen jane bere ne shekullin e 16-te. Eshte shekulli i 16-te kur Monarket vijne ne fuqi dhe kerkojne te kthejne rroten e historise.
Citojme
A merchant from Florence, Italy, named Filippo Sassetti, traveled to India in the 16th century AD, and it was he who made the first mention of a language of India known as 'Samskrutam' (Sanskrit) to the European scholars.
Nje tregtar nga Firence, Itali, i quajtur Filippo Sassetti, udhetoi per ne Indi ne shekullin e 16-te te eres tone, dhe ai qe ai qe u permend per here te pare eruditeve evropiane nje quhe te Indise te quajtur 'Samskrutam' (Sanskritisht)
Sic e shikoni, ne shekullin e 15-te bie Konstandinopoja, ne shek. e 16-te shkruhet dhe shtypet per here te pare Bibla ne greqisht, latinisht dhe ne hebraisht. Ne shekullin e 16-te shfaqen ne Rome per here te pare Koptet, dhe ne shekullin e 16-te mesojne per here te pare evropianet se paska patur nje gjuhe Sanskrite. A i besoni dhe ju keto genjeshtra? C'pune ka ketu shtypshkronja me zbulimin e kulturave te vketra, c'pune ka zbulimi i botes se re me zhdukjen e qyteterimeve Maja, Azteke? Perse i rrafshoi Vatikani permes Turqise te gjitha qytetet e trojeve tona?
http://www.indiavideo.org/text/sanskrit-classical-language-of-india-520.php shih emailin e dt. 24/04/09
burqu burqa burqa < burre ka, pasi e vesh vetem nje grua e fejuar dhe e martuar.
damn
i. lanet, beddua; deersiz ey
f. bel okumak, lanetlemek, lanet etmek; reddetmek, kesinlikle kabul etmemek; eletirmek; suu yklemek; mahvetmek
nl. kahretsin, allah'n bels, lanet olas, lanet olsun
zf. lnet, allah'n bels, ok fazla, son derece
s. lnet, iren, ok fazla, son derece http://www.babylon.com/definition/damn/Turkish shih turqizmat: bela, lanet, kabull, derexhe
s'approprier, s'emparer de
incite angl. incite = eccitare eccitare = excite incite = excite incite = entice incitement, enticement eccitare, incitare, instigare eccitazione:arousal, excitation, excitement uproar sih gr. afronizo?
urge dhe energise
flush dhe fluster
titio lat. < *intititiare < in + titiare, firebrand shih lat. titiare = zjarr shih enticement sipas Meriam - Webster < anglo - french enticer < vulgar latin *intitiare < lat. in + titiare, firebrand
firebrand < fire + br, ber, br firebrand > ger. Brand, verbrennen firebrand = Feuerwehr
ammutinare = ribellare ammutinare dhe stimulare
spur on = anspornen shih urge, stir up
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fear shih emailin e d
soap it. sapone it. pane = fr. pain
Asimilimi dhe genocidi gjuhesor e kulturor - Kazakistani Etimologji: perse eptim = lakim?
Etimologji: perse eptim = lakim? Sapo mbaruam emailet Berishes, na thirren per pune. Eshte nje pune qe mua s'me ka pelqyer kurre, por i kam femijet pa buke, dhe rroga qe merr time shoqe nuk na del as per ilacet, qe marrim une dhe djali im. Eshte nje pune ku na morren me pare, dhe na nxorren ne rruge. Jane po ata njerez qe urdhrojne marrjen ne pune te personit tim dhe gruas time. SHISH-i i Saliut, dje ai ishte i Nanos, lakej te Alberttit te II-te Belgjikes. Eshte nje pune qe s'ka per te zgjatur shume, por sado leke te nxjerrim per buken e gojes, ne shtepine tone ne themi bereqaves.
Eptim = lakim
sepse
ep, eu, el = la, yll shih emailin e dt. 24/04/09
Etimologji: it. imparare = fr. apprendre (Alibia e gjuhve t vjetra) Pr italishten imparare, msoj, te http://www.etimo.it/?term=imparare&find=Cerca na thon se vjen nga latinishtja parare dhe e krahasojn me frngjishten s'emparer, it. impadronirsi. Dhe mire bjn, vese nuk na thon krejt t vrtetn.
ndrsa te fjalori etimologjik i frngjishtes, i CNRTL, qendra kryesore dhe m e rndsishme n fush t studimit t etimologjis s frngjishtes, http://www.cnrtl.fr/lexicographie/apprendre?
thon se fr. apprendre, msoj , ndryshe frngjisht acqurir une connaissance, vjen nga lat. apprehendere dhe na ftojne te shohim frengjishten e tyre apprhender, te http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/apprhender ku ne nuk msojm kurrgj m tepr pr historin e fjals.
Ve duke deklaruar se nj fjal e nj aksh gjuhe vjen nga latinishtja t gjith duhet t besojn e t mos diskutojn m prejardhjen e asaj fjale. A e kuptoni prse nevojitet alibia e gjuhve te vjetra? Qe te mos dyshohet ne fjalt e mashtruesve t gjuhs dhe t historis, jan fallsifikuar kryevepra t tra dhe u njihen sot si pronsi disa gjuhve pseudo t vjetra. T vetmit q jan zhveshur nga tekste t vjetra jan shqiptart. Prse sht br kjo pun kundr nesh? Pasi ne jemi ata q zotrojm gjuhn q zbrthen tr kt rebus dhe mashtrim.
Ajo q etimologt italian dhe ata nuk u msojn njerzve t tyre sht barazimi i thjesht:
it. imparare = lat. parare = fr. (s')emparer (de)
se
imparare dhe (s')emparer (de) < parare < par + ar + e < shqipja "br Ar, Al, Yll sht
Nj fjal e prejardhur nga lat. parare sht dhe lat. apprehendere, fr. Apprehender.
Le t shohim dhe nj her se ju kemi thn m datn 24 mars t po ktij viti:
Etimologji: fr. apprendre = fr. prendre (des) leons
fr. apprendre = fr. prendre (des) leons
ap te aprendre = le te leon, leons
Krahaso fr. leon me ger. Lesung, sht e njjta fjal q ka marr nuanca kuptimore te ndryshme. Kt rrnj ka dhe greqishtja logos.
-on =i it. -zione, -zioni = sun te -sung shih emailin e dt. 24/04/09
Etimologji: rusishtja < spanj. & port. esto rusishtja eto < spanj. & port. esto
njelloj si
fr. tendre < it. estendere shih emailin e dt.24/04/09
Etimologji: ger. zusammenbrechen = ger. zusammenbringen ger. zusammenbrechen = ger. zusammenbringen
ger. brechen = ger. bringen
Kujtoni shnderrimin c, ch, ck, k - ne ng ne te gjitha gjuhet.
Le te shohim dhe njehere se c'kemi thene ne nje email te meparshem per foljet gjermane brechen dhe bringen:
11 nentor 2008
Perse na urrejne Monarko - Kryekleriket? Sepse
hol. afbreken = ger. abbrechen
af = ab
dhe
bre + chen = ken
afbreken dhe abbrechen = angl. refract
af, ab, au, ai sin. me re, ar
bre = fra
shih se c'thame per ribr, rifare, refaire, repair, repeat etj. etj.
afbreken dhe abbrechen > brechen, angl. break dhe breach etj.
Prandaj Monarko - Kryekleriket thyejne (shkaterrojne) pallate dhe marrin jete shqiptaresh. shih emailin e dt. 23/04/09
Kisha greke, Vatikani dhe Turqia Ne shekullin e 19-te, kisha greke, Vatikani dhe Turqia kane qene nje pengese e madhe per mesimin e gjuhes shqipe ne shkolla ne trojet shqiptare. Aqif Pasha kishte deklrtuar se futja e shkollave ne trojet shqiptare donte te thoshte renie e Perandorise Otomane. Ne veri Rusia dhe Serbia kishin futur vende - vende mesimin e serbishtes, ndersa ne jug sic dihet lulezonte mesimi i gjuhes greke. Kjo ishte situata ne trojet tona kur Konstandin Kristoforidhi dhe te tjere luftonin per perhapjen e mesimit te gjuhes tone. Kur Kristoforidhi solli ne shqiperi Biblat e para ne gjuhen shqipe misionaret amerikane dhe ata angleze u habiten se musulmanet shqiptare i blenin le po aq deshire keto librq te shenjta.
Ato kohera jane harruar, por sot ne na kanoset si gjithnje i njejti rrezik i percarjes mes shqiptareve. Per kete po punojne cdo dite Vatikani; Kisha greke dhe institucionet musulmane, vegla te Monarko - Klerikeve.
Referenca:
Konstandin Kristoforidhi, nga Xh. lloshi, viti 2005, Tirane shih emailin e dt. 23/04/09
Etimologji: nje aforizem latin dhe dy folje te njejta ruse Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris
,
,
Mos i bej tjetrit, ate qe ti s'don te ta bejne ty.
rus. (v.II n. nj e tashmes se deftores) = (v.II n. nj e tashmes se deftores)
< + +
< , o + +
, la, ai
o, au, ai
rus. = angl. zeal = shqipen zili
= ze, zi < q
Paralele mashtrimi = e njejta skeme mashtrimi e Historise se Njerezimit Sic vihet re edhe ne paragrafin e meposhtem te nxjerre nga
The Copts and the West, 1439-1822
By Alastair Hamilton
faqe 195
The normal pattern emerged with the study of Greek in the late fifteenth century: a native speaker of the language would come to Europe and provide instruction. This is what happened in the case of Ethiopic and Syriac, and the native speakers were priests who had been lured to Rome after the Council of Florence.ne shohim se Jezitet e vatikanit nuk jane lodhur shume per te reqlizuar Mashtrimin e Historise se Njerezimit. Ata kane shfrytezuar te njejten skeme, ate te Renies se Konstandinopojes ne vitin 1453. Po ne Afrike, cili qytet u pushtua nga turqit me 1453-in qe prifterinjte kopte te linin atdheun dhe te vershon, sic thuhet per per pseudo-greket, drejt Vatikanit per te ringjallur gjuhen dhe kulturen e tyre? Ishin pseudo - greket dhe koptet ata qe vershuan drejt Romes, apo Roma sajoi genjeshtren e Konstandinopojes dhe genjeshtrat e tjera per te fshehur fillimin e nje Bastisje mbaretokesore, te plackitjeve, vrasjeve, dhe zhdukjes nga faqja e dheut te nje qyteterimi te meparshem?
Refernce:
Google Books
The Copts and the West, 1439-1822, by Alastair Hamilton shih emailin e dt. 23/04/09
Leximi i trurit ne sherbim te plagjiatures Dje mikesha ime Vasilika, nje studjuese e apasionuar e historise se shqiptareve dhe koleksioniste e objekteve etnografike me vlere te popullit tone, me ankohesh se te gjitha bisedat qe ajo ben me koleget e saj, dikush ua degjon dhe pas disa ditesh ato i gjejne te pasqyruara ne shkrime shqiptaresh te tjere ne gazeta si gazeta Shqip, apo i degjojne ne televizion. Dhe une e besoj plotesisht theniet e saj, pasi nje gje te tille e kam vujatur edhe e vuaj dhe une. Shpjegimet qe i dhashe une Vasilikes ishin me dy fjale keto:
1. Secili nga ne skanohet ne kohe reale, edhe kur nuk bisedojme me te tjere, por vec meditojme.
2. Temat, te cilat jane perveluese per Monarko - fashistet, si jane te gjitha ato qe kane lidhje me etnosin, gjuhen, historine dhe kulturen shqiptare, jane objekt i Veprimtarise se ethshme Antishqiptare te Monarko - fashisteve. Cfare bejne ata per ta dobesuar apo shkaterruar kete prirje te shqiptareve per te hulumtuar ne ceshtjet e tyre si historia, gjuha, etnografia etj.?
a. Nga njera ane, ato e copezojne temen, ia "vjedhin" nje studjuesi temen e caktuar dhe e vene ne gojen e shume vetave dhe ne penen e mjaft plagjiateve, qe ne Shqiperi, si ne cdo vend tjeter, nuk mungojne.
Me kete metode, Monarko - Fashitet synojne te:
- te demoralizojne kedo qe harxhon kohe dhe mund per te studjuar nje ceshtje te caktuar me interes kombetar,
- permes copezimit = fragmentarizimit, mozaicizimit te nje zbulimi a gjetje, te nje trajtimi te vecante, ata synojne te zbutin forcen qe ka zbulimi ne fjale, te 'ftohin' rendesine e problemit duke ngaterruar njekohesisht studjuesit me njeri - tjetrin e duke i paraqitur ata si "grindavece". Kjo eshte nje metode shume e vjeter, e cila eshte zbatuar me sukses ne Evrope gjate 500 vjeteve te fundit.
b. Meqe mjaft prej studjuesve, qe sot merren me ceshtje kombetare, nuk jane ne fushen e vet, ta zeme: nuk kane mbaruar per arkeologji apo per etnografi, Monarko - fashistet po perdorin karten e profesionit per te nenvleftesuar dhe denigruar me qellim kontributin e kujtdo, qe sot merret me sukses me ceshtje te historise apo te nje fushe tjeter. Edhe kjo eshte nje loje e vjeter ne Shqiperi, nderkohe qe zbulimet me te medha ne fushe te arkeologjise dhe historise ne Evrope nuk i kane bere profesionistet. Te tilla kane qene, per shembull :
- Howard Carter, i ati i te cilit pikturonte kafshe per bejleret, nje zanat qe ia dha dhe te birit. Arkeologjine Karter e mesoi gjate qendrimit te tij ne Egjipt dhe jo ne ndonje shkolle te caktuar.
- Shlimani, i cili ne moshen 14 vjec mbari Realschule-n, shkollen e mesme, e me pas punoi si cirak ne dyqane tregtie, si cabinboy neper avullore, si postier, e me pas si librar. Shlimanin me vone punon ne firma tregtare ku ai spikat per tlentin e tij prej tregtari. Lexoni vete se c'thuhet me tutje.
Si atehere, s'paska te drejte nje shqiptar, te merret me nje ceshtje qe e ka per zemer, se ciles i kushton studime dhe kohe, dhe qe mund te matet dhe me profesore, qe ne Shqiperi kane permasat e profesoruceve?
Hileja qendron ne tjeter ane. Akademine Monarko - fahsitet e kane vegel te tyre, dhe produktet e Akademise jane produkte qe kalojne me pare ne siten = cenzuren e tyre. ndersa nje studjues i apasionuar eshte ai qe nuk pranon tutelen mbi krye. perndryshe, ne qofte se ai e sheh te pamundur te shprehe lirshem mendimin e tij, heq dore dhe nuk shkarravit plehra qe shkarravisin mjaft prej akademikeve.
Referenca:
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/carter.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Carter_(archaeologist)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Schliemann
shih emailin e dt. 23/04/09
myEtymology - nje fjalor etimologjik edhe per shqipen Zbrthime etimologjike pr fjalt e leksikut t gjuhs shqipe mund t gjeni dhe n faqen e myEtymology.com.
P.sh.
ftoj
http://www.myetymology.com/albanian/ftoj.html
kndoj:
http://www.myetymology.com/albanian/kndoj.html
Dhe t dyja kto zbrthime etimologjike jan t drejta, pjesrisht. Themi pjesrisht, pasi autort nuk din t shpjegojn se nga jan dhe nga vijn pseudo - rrnjt e pseudo - proto indo-europianes *kan (te cantare) dhe *wei- (te invitare). Ja pse lipset Kodi i Shqipes, ja pse bllokohet prhapja sot e Kodit t Shqipes. Prhapja e Kodit t Shqipes, q prmban Dhjet Rrnjt e Leksikut Botror sht bllokuar sot njlloj si ishte bllokuara msimi n shkolla i gjuhs shqipe n fund t shekullit t 19-t dhe n fillim t shekullit 210-t n mbar trojet shqiptare.
sht nj mrekulli kjo q shohim n ditt tona, q pr shqipen merren aneknd bots. Monarko fashistt nuk mund t kthejn prapsht kohn, nuk mund t na kthejn n t kaluarn. Pamundsia pr t na kthyer prapa tregon sht dshmia se Monarko Fashistt nuk mund t na ln n vend numro, t na bllokojn lvizjen prpara, prparimin edhe n fushn e hedhjes drit mbi prejardhjen e t gjitha gjuhve nga gjuha shqipe. sht e pamundur. Ne ve po katalogojm e pasurojm Librin e Metods s Vrasjeve dhe Persekutimeve, q ata kan zbatuar n shekuj ndaj kujtdo q ka provuar t thyej rregullat e vendosura prej tyre mbi kanonet e Dijes.
shih emailin e dt. 22/04/09
Etimologji: emri frik Megjithese anglishtja fear = fr. peur
fe = pe
ar = ur
Angl. fear dhe frengjishtja peur vijne nga emri dhe folja angl. revenge < fr. revient < shqipja vjen serish, perseri. Eshte fjala per Hakmarrjene Krishtit, i cili kur te kthehet (sic ka premtuarai vete dhe sic na sigurojne Janullatosi dhe Rrok Mirdita) ne toke, do te marre hak dhe do te shkretoje mbare njerezimin per mekatet qe njerezit bejne cdo dite.
reven(ge) vjen si ar, perendi
Por, studjuesit nuk jane te nje mendimi me ne. Ja se c'thone ata:
fear,
O.E. fr "danger, peril, " from P.Gmc. *fra (cf. O.S. far "ambush, " O.N. far "harm, distress, deception, " Ger. Gefahr "danger"), from PIE base *per- "to try, risk, come over, go through" (perhaps connected with Gk. peira "trial, attempt, experience, " L. periculum "trial, risk, danger"). Sense of "uneasiness caused by possible danger" developed c.1175. The v. is from O.E. fran "terrify, frighten, " originally transitive (sense preserved in archaic I fear me). Sense of "feel fear" is 1393. O.E. words for "fear" as we now use it were ege, fyrhto; as a verb, ondrdan. Fearsome is attested from 1768.
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fear
tymol. et Hist. 1. Avoir peur a) 2e moiti xes. (St Lger, d. J. Linskill, 76: Et sancz Lethgiers oc s'ent pavor); b) ca 1155 avec de + inf. (Wace, Brut, d. I. Arnold, 572: Et de murir out grant por); c) 1176-81 avec que + sub. (Chrtien de Troyes, Chevalier Lyon, d.Foerster, 4172: de lui [pour lui] ont mout grant por Que li maufez, li anemis, Qui maint prodome avoit ocis ... Autretel de lui ne reface); d) 1534 p.hyperb. avoir peur que craindre que (Rabelais, Gargantua, d.R.Calder, chap. 31, p.199); 2. a) fin xes. (Passion, d. D'Arco Silvio Avalle, 398: si s'espauriren de pavor; b) 1119 (Philippe De Thaon, Comput, d. E.Mall, 2088: senz pour); c) ca 1180 pur la pour (Thomas, Tristan, d. B.H.Wind, Douce, 1614); d) 1er quart xiiies. faire peur (Renclus de Molliens, Charit, d. Van Hamel, 167,
http://www.cnrtl.fr/lexicographie/peur? shih emailin e dt. 23/04/09
Last Speaker of "Extinct" Language Found Sa serioze mund te jene Perendimoret ne ceshtje te gjuhesise kur ata pengojne cdo perpjekje qe synon te hedhe drite mbi Megamashtrimin e Monarko - Fashisteve ne fushe te Historise dhe Gjuhes ne shekullin e 16-te?
Shih videon e National Geographic
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/09/070918-australia-video.html shih emailin e dt. 22/04/09
Asimilimi dhe genocidi gjuhesor e kulturor - Kazakistani Paradoxes of Kazakh Language "Revival" in Kazakhstan
By Zhanara Nauruzbayeva
Bryn Mawr College
With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, resentment of Russians and of the Russian language
surfaced in various parts of the disassembling empire. Confrontations involving the Russian-speaking
populations of the Baltic republics remain unresolved to the present day. The issue of the Ukrainian
language revival still dominates the agenda of Ukrainian nationalists. Other manifestations of linguistic
nationalism include less violent, but nonetheless, equally pervasive exclusions of the Russian language
from public space in the Caucasus and the adoption of Latin script instead of the previously used Cyrillic
script in Uzbekistan.
However, this sweeping tide of indigenous language revivals that has reigned over the post-Soviet space
notwithstanding, the language resurrection process seems to lack its mobilizing intensity in Kazakhstan.
According to both outside researchers and inside commentators, the revitalization of their mother tongue
did not become an overtly contentious issue for Kazakhs as it has for Estonians and Ukrainians1. Despite
the active engagement of the state in reinforcing the usage of Kazakh, progress in the revival of the
language is still minuscule when compared to Georgia or even to neighboring Uzbekistan. My inquiry
proposes an explanation for this peculiarity of linguistic nationalism dynamics in Kazakhstan by regarding
the language as a set of symbols2. Reviewing historical circumstances that imbued both Kazakh and
Russian with symbolism, I argue that positive symbols associated with the Russian language, lack of
incentives to learn the Kazakh language, and, subsequently, the lack of threat posed to cultural identity of
Kazakhs influenced the current dynamics of language revival in Kazakhstan.
Current Dynamics of the Kazakh Language Revival in Kazakhstan
As was mentioned earlier, the dynamics of titular3 language revival in the post-communist countries
features one commonality: the state. The state, which in most cases has been dominated by the
members of indigenous groups, became actively engaged in the politics of language resurrection. Along
with other USSR republics, Kazakhstan first affirmed the status of Kazakh as the .state. language in
1989, later followed by the 1993 constitution.s article on the languages, which confirmed the 1989 law,
yet also designated Russian as the .language of international communication.. (Laitin 98). To ensure the
ascendancy of the titular language, the government of Kazakhstan has begun a campaign of institutional
promotion of Kazakh. A number of legislative acts were adopted to reintegrate the Kazakh language into
the public sphere. Fifty percent usage of the .state. language quota was set for mass media, mandatory
language tests for government positions were instituted and the conduction of official documentation in
Kazakh was enforced. The move towards the Kazakh language has also been marked by a rising number
of educational institutions that instruct in Kazakh.
_______________
1 David Laitin documents this particular feature of Kazakh language revival in his massive comparative study of
language politics in the Baltic states, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. (Laitin, David D. "Identity in formation: the Russianspeaking
populations in the near abroad. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998)
2 By symbols here I mean, the set of ideas that Kazakh or Russian might represent for people in Kazakhstan.
Anthony Stevens. definition is particularly relevant to my examination: .A symbol is an image or a thing which
acquires its symbolic value through the meaning and emotions it evokes in us. (Stevens 12).
3 Titular is a term that implies that the carriers of titular status are those after whom the republic is named.
Linguistic nationalism appears to have been launched by the state in Kazakhstan as it has in other post-
Soviet countries with large Russian populations. However, despite these institutional measures, the
discourse of the Kazakh language revival lacks vitality. The Kazakh language enforcement remains .on
paper., while the Russian language continues to dominate public space4. Many researchers, including
Dave Bhavna, have undertaken investigations to explain the established situation5.
An explanation generally provided to account for weak language revival in Kazakhstan relates to the
established pattern of ethnic distribution in the country. When considering general statistical data across
the former Soviet Union republics, a peculiar feature of ethnic composition in Kazakhstan becomes
immediately visible. As a consequence of various Soviet resettlement policies, Kazakhstan has been a
country where ethnic Kazakhs did not constitute a majority until 19976. Besides the smaller share of
ethnic Kazakhs in the overall population of the republic, the number of Kazakhs fluent in their own
language had declined as well. According to William Fierman (1997), .Kazakh scholars estimate that
around 1990, between 25% and 40% of the republic.s Kazakhs had little or no mastery of their .own.
language. (3). Thus, the Kazakh language has approached an almost near abandonment by
demographic factors.
However, the presence of such a threat to survival of the Kazakh language could have also easily fueled
a sense of trauma, triggering a rise in anti-Russian sentiment among Kazakhs and propelling the tide of
linguistic nationalism as it happened in Ukraine. However, this has not occurred in Kazakhstan, which
makes one ponder about possible explanations to such dynamics of the linguistic revival. A
psychocultural approach to the investigation of the language revival could explain the peculiar nature of
language resurrection in Kazakhstan.
Psychocultural Approach
The term .psychocultural. was first introduced by the political scientist, Marc Ross, to compliment the
current theoretical framework that attempts to explain ethnic conflicts by emphasizing identity dynamics
(1993). According to Ross, psychocultural interpretations are defined as .the shared, deeply rooted
worldviews that help groups make sense of daily life and provide psychologically meaningful accounts of
a group.s relationship with other groups, their actions and motives (24). Hence, examination of a
language through the psychocultural approach and viewing it as a symbol could provide many insights to
the intensity of feelings or their absence regarding it. Given that both Russian and Kazakh have come to
exist in context of each other, symbols behind them also evolved to be defined in relation to each other.
In order to determine the symbolism behind the Kazakh language, it would be useful to base its analysis
on a comparison with the Russian language. Also, due to the ability of symbols to carry multiple
meanings, the same language could potentially invoke different emotions in Kazakhs and Russians.
Positive Symbolism of the Russian language
The Russian language has been primarily associated in scholarship as the titular language of Russians.
Yet, throughout the Soviet Union era, the communist authorities promoted Russian as the language of
international communication. This Slavic language reached and .conquered. every corner of the vast
territory of the former Soviet Union. Russians, the carriers of this language, enjoyed the privilege of
feeling .at home. everywhere when crossing the territory of the .great Motherland. because they did not
need to learn local languages. As Edward Schatz wrote, .Soviet-era internationalism reserved a special
role for Slavs (especially ethnic Russians) as the missionaries, emissaries, and technical specialists of
______________
4 According to Nazira Esenbayeva, .Today the Kazakh language enjoys a proud status of the national language but
in practice is only its pitiful shadow since there are few spheres where it can really be used. (.When Will the
Kazakh Language Become Really a State One?., Vremya Po Grinvichu, April 2, 1999).
5 Dave Bhavna devoted her dissertation to the study of language revival process in Kazakhstan (.Politics of
Language Revival: National Identity and State Building in Kazakhstan., December 1996)
6 Edward Schatz disputes the validity of even these figures by attributing achievement of fifty percent mark to
inflation by 1999 census takers under official instruction (Schatz .Framing Strategies in Multi-Ethnic Kazakhstan.).
Soviet rule. (83). The languages of the indigenous people were mostly disregarded, often displaced by
Russian and sometimes even forgotten. Such dynamic resulted in emergence of a set of symbols
attributed to the Russian language and capable of invoking intense feelings among various ethnic groups.
In Kazakhstan, Russian was viewed as the language of enlightenment, of education and of higher social
status. Many positive qualities were attributed to it, including it being seen as a tool facilitating upward
mobility. The integration of the Russian language into the Kazakh society goes back to the eighteenth
century when the leaders of several Kazakh tribes accepted the protectorate of the Russian Empire from
a potential Dzhungar invasion. The language spread continued with the stationing of exiled Russian
intellectuals in the Kazakh steppes, as well as the later influx of the young, Russian speaking
professionals who came to Kazakhstan as a part of the virgin lands cultivation project during Brezhnev.s
rule in the 1960s. These factors resulted in a situation such that the Russian language gradually became
a symbol of enlightenment and progress.
This image of the language as a symbol of enlightenment and progress was furthermore regenerated and
consequently implanted into the identity of Kazakhstanis through the educational system. Textbooks
used even in schools that instruct in Kazakh portray the Russian language as the messenger of
knowledge. Even after independence, the Kazakh literature textbooks retain accounts of prominent
Kazakh intellectuals who, having been schooled in the universities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, would
emphasize the merit of learning Russian as the language of progress7. The message behind such a
presentation implies the placement of much value and stress upon knowing Russian - the language of the
intelligentsia. Generations of Kazakhs were raised and socialized on a worldview centered on the
Russian language as the symbol of education. Thus, for many Kazakhs, the Russian language, besides
its primary mode of communication, also symbolizes education.
The great Kazakh authors of the past were not the only ones who created an incentive to speak Russian.
Many current Kazakh intellectuals write and publish in Russian despite the knowledge of their mother
tongue. The role of such implicit emphasis on the Russian language is amplified by the fact that the
majority of these elites are considered to be in opposition to the current government apparatus, which is
known to be an active proponent of an overall "Kazakification". Criticizing the oppressive and noneffective
politics of the state to revive the language as a move backwards, .to the age of darkness and
ignorance., these intellectuals, thus, reinforce the message that Russian still remains the language of
progress.
As the accompaniment of the Russian-born professional strata, the language also became viewed as a
marker of higher social status. Many Russians, who came to Kazakhstan as a part of Khruschev.s project
on the virgin lands cultivation, belonged to the professional or intellectual class and they subsequently
never learned to speak Kazakh. Thus, the Russian language came to signify the educated and urban
status, both of which were attributed to the higher social classes, while Kazakh was automatically shifted
back into the position of the language of "those people from the auls8". As David Laitin characterizes the
situation, .The Russian language has spread into every nook and cranny of urbanized and high-status
Kazakh life.(135). Such demarcation of social status by Russian is still prevalent in today.s society.
Given the feature of a high-status indicator, Russian has, therefore, become viewed as a tool for upward
mobility.
In fact, most of Kazakhstan.s current leadership was schooled in Russian, and was able to be recruited
into the government. Laitin (1998) describes the established mechanism of learning Russian in order to
gain access to the ruling strata in the following way:
For Kazakhs, the motivation to learn Russian was to become, in Abram de Swaans formulation,
monopoly mediators standing between Russian rule at the center and Kazakh society in the
periphery. Those who learned Russian and developed other forms of cultural capital enabling
_____________
7 Abay Kunanbaev, Chokav Valikhanov and Ibray Altynsarin could certainly be considered among this group of
intellectuals.
8 Kazakh word for a village.
them to earn the trust of Soviet officials were not only able to get higher education (unavailable in
Kazakh) but were also able to advance to positions of local or regional authority. (Laitin 71).
In such a manner, the local political elite confirmed and reinforced the perception of Russian as the
language of the discourse led by the state and the medium of empowerment. Thus, the state also
functioned as a provider of incentives, which promoted the infusion of Russian with importance and has
made the language considered to be a way for attaining social advancement.
Learning Kazakh Language?
Given the nature of the symbols behind Russian, the Kazakh language has been subsequently allocated
a peripheral role. Until late 1980s the mother tongue of one-third of Kazakhstan.s population was
confined to informal usage in households and to rural areas, where people had very little access to
Russian schooling. Having always been placed in contrast to Russian, the Kazakh language evolved to
be viewed, originally, as the bastion for people .clinging. to the traditions of the pre-communist past and
resisting changes brought by establishment of the Soviet rule, and later, as signifying a .lower. status, a
language of the rural people that were schooled only enough for the purpose of becoming .milkmaids or
kolkhoz9 workers. (Laitin 136). This set of symbols behind the Kazakh language could provide an
explanation as to why even ethnic Kazakhs preferred to use Russian until Kazakhstan emerged as an
independent state10.
With all the changes that have happened in the last fifteen years in Kazakhstan, the nature of the
symbols behind the Kazakh language evolved in many respects. One of the more significant messages
that the Kazakh language began carrying could be a constant reminder of the loss of their previously
.special. status to the Russians because prior to the break-up of the Soviet Union they rarely had to
assimilate into the local culture. Ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan still retain the memories of their past
social position of the entitled and deny acknowledging a shift from their former privileged status to the
state of minority. Many Russians vehemently refuse to learn Kazakh. According to Dave Bhavna.s
description, .Still in 1992-1993 it seemed quixotic for non-Kazakhs- over half of the country.s population
then- to learn a language that had so little prestige.(5). Russians view the idea of assimilation through
learning Kazakh as practically impossible: .In Kazakhstan, whatever job possibilities involved, many
Russians cannot take the study of the Kazakh language seriously.(Laitin 121). Some of them attribute
their unwillingness to the incompetence of Kazakh as a language: "the Kazakhs dont really have a
language; they merely have dialects" (Laitin 121). They deny the need to learn the language that they
perceive as .undeveloped. and .inadequate.. Another objection stated is: "it is absurd to transform a
spiritual folkloric language into a technical one" (Laitin 121). The Kazakh language is allocated by them
into the sphere of folklore, while Russian is to remain running .business matters.. In addition to being
previously viewed as an .unnecessary. language to learn, with enforcement of the Kazakh language
revival by the state, Kazakh becomes a reminder of the lost status for Russians.
Another important factor that adds to the symbolism behind this language is that Kazakhs themselves are
ambivalent about their own language. While many agree that Kazakh should be reestablished being the
language of the titular majority, its implementation is seen as more problematic. As Fierman describes it,
.the Kazakhs themselves are very divided about the appropriate status for Kazakh and Russian in their
country, and even about the relevance of the Kazakh language to ethnic identity.(3). On one hand, many
Kazakhs accept and embrace the language as the marker of their ethnicity; however, on the other hand,
being surrounded by domination of Russian in all spheres from early on in their lives, they find it difficult
to depart from the established discourse.11 Dave Bhavna characterizes the state of mind for Kazakhs by
the following dilemma: .Should [Kazakhs] transfer their children to the .inferior. Kazakh schools,
demonstrating their ethnic loyalty; or should they continue sending the children to Russian schools, and
__________________
9 .Kolkhoz. is translated as .collective farm. from Russian.
10 I have heard many recollections of official gatherings, which despite being attended only by Kazakhs, were still
conducted in Russian.
11 I have been witness to many arguments on the issue of revival of the Kazakh language among Kazakhs still being
conducted in Russian.
be exposed to in-group stigma, especially from the large influx of their rural fellow countrymen to the
cities? (8). There have been many instances of Kazakh students returning back to Russian schools after
their initial transfer to Kazakh-language educational institutions, which conveys the hesitant nature of
language revival among Kazakhs. In such a way, these issues came to precipitate ambivalent feelings
about the Kazakh language not only for Russians but also for ethnic Kazakhs.
In view of the current situation, the government that is seeking to promote language revival might engage
in the practice of artificially imbuing Kazakh with importance. Yet, economic incentives, as one of the
symbols that the state is attempting to ascribe to knowing Kazakh, also seem to be lacking despite
established laws, which state that knowing the language would better one.s chances for a government
job. Afterall, as Laitin observes: "There are no clear signals that jobs depend on knowing Kazakh. As
Slava Kozlov, a young Russian engineer who himself planned to learn Kazakh, told: "The only way to get
a good job is breaking through family networks. No one, " he said, "will lose his job because he doesnt
know Kazakh. But on the other hand, "he insisted, "no one will get a good job just for learning Kazakh"
(118). Therefore, despite the government.s attempts to invigorate the language through motivation, little
economic incentive actually exists to learn Kazakh.
The lack of strong mobilizing emotions about the revival of the Kazakh language could also be explained
by the lack of a threat to the Kazakh cultural identity through the language. Speaking Russian could have
been viewed as less subverting their identity for Kazakhs than, for example, not knowing Kazakh folk
songs or rituals12. Furthermore, David Laitin provides an insight into this dynamic by his suggestion of
correlation between the degree of .cultural blending. induced by various levels of elite incorporation and
the threat to a cultural identity:
In the case of low [elite] incorporation (Kazakhstan), there are higher levels of titular separation
from Russian culture (where language learning is instrumental, and not a basis for a more
complete cultural shift) and therefore greater attempts to invest in a separatist future than was the
case of high elite incorporation (Ukraine), where linguistic assimilation coincided with other forms
of cultural blending, and where there were fewer attempts by parents in the Soviet era to invest in
a separatist future. (Laitin 82).
In other words, in contrast to Ukraine, where assimilation into Russian culture took on a more pervasive
character, the knowledge of Russian had been rather functional for Kazakhs. The laxity of Kazakhs about
their language preservation could be due to the lack of threat to their cultural identity by the dominance of
Russian in public spheres. The linguistic revival has not triggered powerful emotions among ethnic
Kazakhs because language has mostly been seen as a matter of social status.
The nature of the existing sets of symbols behind both Russian and Kazakh languages could provide one
with an answer to the puzzle of why the process of language revival is taking a course of development,
which is emotionally and culturally different from the processes taking place elsewhere in the former
Soviet Union. Historically evolved .benign. character of symbols behind the Russian language as .the
carrier of progress and enlightenment. could provide an explanation to little resentment towards using it
among ethnic Kazakhs. Another factor behind the languid character of the Kazakh language revival is
attributed to the lack of economic incentives for both ethnic Russians and ethnic Kazakhs to learn
Kazakh. An absence of perceived threat to the cultural identity of ethnic Kazakhs in the established
dynamics of the relationship between these two languages could serve as one other explanation as to
why domination of the public sphere in Kazakhstan by the Russian language is tolerated. However,
despite the absence of significant contentions over the revival of Kazakh and usage of Russian, tensions
between the majority Kazakhs and the minority Russians do exist, which might mean that the real .battle.
is taking place on the ground other than language. Usage of one language over another seems to lack its
mobilizing power in Kazakhstan the way it has in many other societies.
_____________
12 Kazakhs do have a well preserved inheritance of cultural artifacts (folk songs, traditional stories, rituals, etc.) that
does most of us know and cherish, which however, has been little used in a political context.
References
Bhavna, D. (1996). Politics of Language Revival: National Identity and State-Building in
Kazakhstan. (Doctoral Dissertation, Syracuse University, 1996). UMI Dissertation
Services.
Fierman, W. (1997, August). Language, Identity, and Conflict in Central Asia and the Southern
Caucasus. [23 paragraphs]. Perspectives on Central Asia, Vol. II, No. 5. Center for
Political and Strategic Studies. Available on-line: http://www.cpss.org/casianw/perca0897.txt.
Laitin, D. D. (1998). Identity in Formation: the Russian-speaking Populations in the Near
Abroad. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
Ross, M.H. (1993). The Management of Conflict: Interpretations and Interests in Comparative
Perspective. New Haven and London: Yale.
Schatz, E. (2000). Framing Strategies and Non-Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Kazakhstan.
Nationalism and Ethnic Politics , Vol. 6, No. 2, Summer 2000, pp. 71-94
Stevens, A. (1999). Ariadne.s Clue: a Guide to the Symbols of Humankind. Princeton, New
Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Political and Economic Processes in Kazakhstan: Language as an Object of National Policy.
(August 1999). International Eurasian Institute for Economic and Political Research . shih emailin e dt. 24/04/09
English Language Paradoxes We'll begin with a box, and the plural is boxes;
but the plural of ox became oxen not oxes.
One fowl is a goose, but two are called geese,
yet the plural of moose should never be meese.
You may find a lone mouse or a nest full of mice;
yet the plural of house is houses, not hice.
If the plural of man is always called men,
why shouldn't the plural of pan be called pen?
If I spoke of my foot and show you my feet,
and I give you a boot, would a pair be called beet?
If one is a tooth and a whole set are teeth,
why shouldn't the plural of booth be called beeth?
Then one may be that, and three would be those,
yet hat in the plural would never be hose,
and the plural of cat is cats, not cose.
We speak of a brother and also of brethren,
but though we say mother, we never say methren.
Then the masculine pronouns are he, his and him,
but imagine the feminine, she, shis and shim.
Some other reasons to be grateful if you grew up speaking English:
1) The bandage was wound around the wound.
2) The farm was used to produce produce.
3) The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse.
4) We must polish the Polish furniture.
5) He could lead if he would get the lead out.
6) The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.
7) Since there is no time like the present, he thought it was time to present the present.
8) At the Army base, a bass was painted on the head of a bass drum.
9) When shot at, the dove dove into the bushes.
10) I did not object to the object.
11) The insurance was invalid for the invalid.
12) There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row.
13) They were too close to the door to close it.
14) The buck does funny things when the does are present.
15) A seamstress and a sewer fell down into a sewer line.
16) To help with planting, the farmer taught his sow to sow.
17) The wind was too strong to wind the sail.
18) After a number of Novocain injections, my jaw got number.
19) Upon seeing the tear in the painting I shed a tear.
20) I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.
21) How can I intimate this to my most intimate friend?
22) I spent last evening evening out a pile of dirt.
Screwy pronunciations can mess up your mind! For example...
If you have a rough cough, climbing can be tough when going through the bough on a tree!
Let's face it - English is a crazy language.
There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger;
neither apple nor pine in pineapple.
English muffins weren't invented in England.
We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes, we find that
quicksand can work slowly,
boxing rings are square
and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig.
And why is it that writers write but fingers don't fing,
grocers don't groce and hammers don't ham?
Doesn't it seem crazy that you can make amends but not one amend?
If you have a bunch of odds and ends and get rid of all but one of them, what do you call it?
If teachers taught, why didn't preachers praught?
If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat?
Sometimes I think all the folks who grew up speaking English should be committed to an asylum for the verbally insane.
In what other language do people recite at a play and play at a recital? Ship by truck and send cargo by ship?
Have noses that run and feet that smell?
How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wiseguy are opposites?
You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm goes off by going on.
If Dad is Pop, how's come Mom isn't Mop?
Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at an Elingsh uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht frist and lsat ltteer is at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae we do not raed ervey lteter by it slef but the wrod as a wlohe. ceehiro
Luat eienr Stduie der Cambrdige Unievrstit speilt es kenie Rlloe in welcehr Reiehnfogle die Buhcstbaen in eniem Wrot vorkmomen, die eingzie whctige Sahce ist, dsas der ertse und der lettze Buhcstbaen stmimt. Der Rset knan in eienm vlilegen Duchrienanedr sein und knan trtozedm prboelmols gelseen wreden. Das ist, weil das menchsilche Ague nicht jeedn Buhcstbaen liset.
Ertsuanlcih, nihct? http://www.spapo.de/english-paradoxes.html shih emailin e dt. 22/04/09Etimologji: shqipja mas, mas, mat = ger. Ma-; shqipja stap = ger. Stab Pr shqipen stap flet G. Majer te Fj. Etim. i Gj. Shq. faqe 457. Si nj burr i ditur ai ngatrron n kto pun, qllimisht, shqipen stap me gjermanishten e tij t lart e t vjetr[1] stap dhe harron t prmend gjermanishten e re Stab, q lexohet shtab, me pretendimin se duke prmendur nj fjal shum t vjetr gjermane parakuptohet prejardhja e shqipes stap prej saj.
Sipas ktij Majerit, i cili mbahet i madh n Shqipri vetm se ka shkruar pr shqipen dhe se ai din m shum se ata q e prmendin, nj variant i stap paska qen prdorur n kohn e tij n Berat n trajtn mastap, pa prmendur edhe ktu se sht e njjt me gjermanishten Mastab (e q lexohet Masshtab).
Shikoni se bn m tej Horri Gustav Meyer n faqen 309 t Fjalorit t tij. Aty ai merret me shqipen mat, mas duke harruar se n gjermanishten e tij ai ka nj fjal q shkruhet Mastab, e cila sht e prbr nga gjermanishtja Ma- = shqipen mas dhe Stab = stap.
Gustav Majeri, t cilin megjith poshtrsit e tij etimologjike n shrbim t Gjermanis n fund t jets, pr ti mbyllur gojn, e rrasn n mendin, e largon lidhjen etimologjike t shqipes mat, mas nga gjermanishtja Ma- dhe e fut lexuesin e tij n labirinte t atilla, q mund t'i hapin vetm njerz horra e urithe si ai. Ndrsa abeu, megjithse sht marr mbar e prapsht me veprn e Majerit, nuk thot asnj fjal as pr shqipen mas, mat dhe as pr shqipen stap.
Pr t shnuar vlen edhe fakti q edhe shqiptari Zef Simoni te fjalori i tij gjermanisht - shqip i v. 1978, faqe 381, nuk e shpjegon gjermanishten Stab me shqipen stap, por, me shkop, bastun; skeptr. E gjith kjo sht br, mbase, pr t'u shptuar atyre q quhen huazime t fjalve t huaja n gjuhn shqipe. Po ti bjm faktit q kur pr t shpjeguar gjermanishten Stab evitojm shqipen stap dhe prdorim nj fjal, q e ka edhe italishtja, si bastun = it. bastone[2], apo shqipen shkop = greq. skapos, t ciln e ka dhe gjuha greke? Ksaj rrmulle nuk ka ditur t'i jap shpjegim asnj gjuhtar e leksikograf shqiptar, me kt kan luajtur n kurriz t shqiptarve si Humanistt evropian, ashtu dhe t gjith gjuhtart e huaj t mvonshm e ata modern.
Te libri St. Paul's Ephesus, i Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, n faqen 145[3], ne msojm se Vitruvi ka prdorur termin scapus pr greqishten skapos, t cils n anglisht i prgjigjet emri shaft.
Le t shohim tani sesa interesante bhet loja etimologjike, pasi kemi t bjm thjesht me nj Mashtrim t vrtet gjuhsor. Anglishtja shaft sht e njjt me prapashtesn e emrave gjerman schaft, hollandishtes -schap dhe t atyre nordike skap. Meq shaft n anglisht don t thot shufr, athere edhe grekrit kan paraplqyer t shkojn deri te gjuht nordike pr t kopjuar greqishten skap, pr ti shtuar skap nj os dhe pr ta br skapos. Meq para greqishtes s re ka patur dhe nj greqishte t vjetr m par, athere thon gjuhtart Kodosh t Evrops, pas t cilve nxitojn Bushtrat dhe gjuhtart Dallkauk t Shqipris, q na akuzojn pr Pseudopatriotizm izolacionist, t gjitha kto shaft, -schaft, -schap dhe skab duhet t vijn nga ajo gjuh e shmtuar.
E shmtuar nuk sht vetm e tr kjo maraton etimologjike, kaq e ngatrruar sa q ska zot q e zbrthen, por ata shkojn dhe m tej. Anglezt pr t treguar hurin, shufrn dhe shkopin kan shfrytzuar si prapashtesn gjermane schaft te emra si Nachbarschaft pr t krijuar fjaln e tyre shaft, por edhe prapashtesn tjetr gjermane bar pr t krijuar fjaln bar, q ka po at kuptim q ka anglishtja shaft. Ndrsa grekt kan paraplqyer at prapashtes q qndron e fshehur m larg, n gjuht e vendeve t Veriut t Evrops, pr t marr nga nordishtet prapashtesn skap.
Referenc:
http://www.peter-hug.ch/lexikon/massstab
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/staff[1]
Shikoni dhe se ju kemi thn n emailin ton t dt. 9 qershor 2008
E hn, 9 qershor 2008
Etimologji: shndrrimi ab = af = ap = au = al
Etimologjia, ashtu si sht zbrthyer deri m sot, sht politik, nuk sht aspak nj shkenc. Aq m pak e bn etimologjin shkenc ndonj fjal e huaj, q njerz si Demiraj vn n buz pr t treguar thellsin e dijeve t tyre. Etimologjia deri m sot s'ka guxuar kurr t luaj rolin e saj t vetm, t zbrthej fjaln.
Kujtuam se Demiraj tash, para se t vdes, ka kuptuar dika nga etimologjia e desh t merrte nj kthes, por biseda e tij dje te VizionPlus tregoi se ai s'mund t ngrihet nga bataku ku ka rn. Edhe tani, q ne i kemi hapur syt Demirajt me shok, ata na sfidojn duke na prqeshur nga studiot ku ata flasin t pashqetsuar e pa u ballafaquar me ne q po provojm se nga shqipja vijn t gjitha gjuht e bots.
Ai me shokt e tij, sht pjes e garniturs s asaj gjelle, q Monarko Klerikt kan prgatitur pr ne shqiptart q n shekullin e 16-t.
Le ta lem prfundimisht Shabanin n batakun e tij e t shohim barazimet dhe shndrrimet ab = af = ap = au = al, sesi ato kan shrbyer pr t krijuar fjal, q shprehin t njjtin koncept n gjuh t ndryshme.
Kshtu, n emailin e mparshm ne folm pr barazimin kap = hold, halten. Kushdo nga ju mund ta kuptoj se mes anglishtes "hold" dhe gjermanishtes "halten" ka dika q ngjason. Po t kemi parasysh vargun e rrnjs yll: al, el, il, ol, ul, la, le, li, lo, lu athere kjo pun rezulton edhe m e leht.
Pra, kemi hol = hal dhe d < ten, them. Megjithat, ende s'jemi n gjendje t bjm lidhjen mes hold, halten dhe shqipes "kap". Hallka q mungon ktu sht gjermanishtja "haften".
kap = haften pasi k = h, ap = af + ten, them si te halten.
Pra, haften = kap. Por, af = ap = au po t kujtojm tabeln e Kodit t Shqipes t botuar te Republika ku
Ai Au ia ya
Ab
Af
Ap
Av
Aw
Ba
Fa
Pa
Va
Wa
si dhe b, p, f, v, w
dhe au = al po t kujtojm edhe barazimet: it. altro = frengj. autre si dhe shum shembuj t tjer mes italishtes dhe frngjishtes, dhe mes gjuhve t tjera. Si rrjedhim, kemi :
kap = haften = halten = hold.
Pr barazimin ab = af = ap flasin prapashtesat emrore n gjuht gjermanike: suedisht skap = hollandisht. -schap = - gjermanisht schaft = danisht skab
si te:
Gjer. Wissenschaft = hol. Wetenschap = sued. vetenskap = dan. Videnskab
Qoft dhe kto dy tre shembuj na vrtetojn nj pjes t tabels s premrit dftor shqip "AY" q ne kemi dhn te Republika.
Shihni dhe te
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/science
http://clirimxhunga4.blogspot.com/2008/06/dhjet-rrnjt-e-kodit-t-shqipes.html
Shkenc n kushte Ferri, n nj vend q e quajn Shqipri
[1] Altehochdeutsch, apo shkurt. Ahd., e cila sipas gjermanve dhe kolegve t tyre evropiane, qenka shkruar prej vitit 750 deri m 1050 ?!, nj gjuh e krijuar nga mendje t smura t paraardhsve t Gustav Majerit, si Luteri me shok, e q dokumentohet vetm n shkresa t fallsifikuara.
[2] Shih edhe abej, Stud. Etim. Vll. I, fq. 57.
[3] Pr librin shih te Google Books.
Etimologji: angl., fr. nation = gr. , ethnos angl., fr. nation = gr. , ethnos
na, au, ai = e, ai
tion < ti + on = -, thnos < then + os
ti = the
on dhe os pjese te vargut te foljes jam sipas Kodit te Shqipes
Sllavishtja narod ka nje -ro-, nje rrenje shqipe (Ar) me shume vec per te dalluar
italishten nato, lindur nga sllavishtja , roen, rodjen, lindur. shih emailin e dt. 22/04/09
rod = ,
rabdos, berga
- hood = ger. - heit, - schaft = -schap, skap shaft, bar knighthood, = Knechtheit shih neighbourhood = Nachbarschaft angl. shaft = angl. bar, shkop, shufr
susedstvo community susedstvo < sused + stvo sused < su, co, com + sed, it. sede
= cordiale shih cordiale shih radost
Etimologji: shqipja shporr = sued. sporra, nxis, shpoj shqipja shporr = sued. sporra, nxis, shpoj
shih shqipen shpoj, shpova, shpuar (dhe sued. sporra) shih emailin e dt. 21/04/09
Etimologji: shqipja (baba)xhan = turq candan shqipja (baba)xhan = turq candan (lexohet xhandan)
Si ka mundesi qe Monarko - Fashistet kane xhan vetem njerez si Saliu dhe kane lene ne mjerim te plote shumicen e shqiptareve? A e keni pare sesi e presin dhe e sajdisin? Si do ta donin Monarko - fashistet kete Monster po qe se dhe vete nuk do te ishin Monstra? shih emailin e dt. 21/04/09
Etimologji: gr. = it. cordiale gr. = it. cordiale
- te = cordi- te cordiale
Dhe Saliu, ai qe lartesohet gjithnje e me lart maje fikut, Patriot i Vertete, ka marre persiper te na shqetesoje per dite e me teper. shih emailin e dt. 21/04/09
Etimologji: it. cordiale = dan. hjertelig it. cordiale = dan. hjertelig
c, hj + or, er + di, te + al, li + e, g(e)
Ketu kemi keto barazime:
c = hj
or = er
di = te
al = li
e, e shte = qe, ishte
Po t'i mbledhesh keto rregulla fjaleformimi, te cilat i gjen ne cdo gjuhe te botes, bien poshte te gjitha Ligjet fonetike si Ligji i Jakob Grimmit, Great Sound Shift dhe Great Vowel Shift, te cilat jane hilera te etimologjise monarko - fashiste per te mbuluar Paturpesine e Krijimit te Kote ne shekullin e 16-te te gjuheve te popujve. Ndersa Saliu, ai qe kish hipur ne maje te fikut ne Kine, ka marre persiper te na shqetesoje ne per t'u lartesuar cdo dite e me teper ne sy te Padroneve te tij. shih emailin e dt. 21/04/09
cordial angl. ger. herzlich, dan. hjertelig, ek. srden, it. cordiale
opmuntre dan. shih opmuntre = holl. aanmoedigen
encourage angl. shih encourager, ger. ermutigen (Mut), turq. cesaret vermek it. incitqre shih eccitare
shporr shih sued. sporra, ger. anspornen, shtyj, nxis dike
verb shih adverb
top 1650 - 60 Dictionary.com Unabridged shih atop = on / at the top of
Language shift - Kalimi i arvanitasve nga gjuha meme ne gjuhen greke Shikoni se cfare efektesh pati puna e Humanisteve Evropiane, te cilet krijuan nje Histori dhe nje Letersi Greke dhe ia faturuan te gjithe Shkencen e Vjeter nje populli qe s'ka ekzistuar kurre, atij grek, duke patur ne mendje realizimin e endrres te Monarko - Fashisteve per te dobesuar fiset e Ballkanit, per t'i percare si dje edhe sot e kesaj dite. Per ne shqiptaret, kjo politike ka patur dhe vazhdon te kete pasoja katastrofike.
Ne mungese te librit te Cicipis, lete kenaqemi me kete citim te Cambridge Journals:
LUKAS D. TSITSIPIS. A linguistic anthropology of praxis and language shift: Arvantika (Albanian) and Greek in contact. (Oxford Studies in Language Contact.) Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Pp. xi, 163. Hb. $78.00.
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=142995
Tsitsipis's valuable and sophisticated linguistic-anthropological study reports on research conducted over a number of years in two Albanian-speaking communities in southern Greece, Spta in the district of Attika, and Kiriki in the district of Biotia. These towns historically spoke Arvantika, a Tosk dialect of Albanian. Although both communities date at least to the fourteenth century, they contrast sharply in that the first is very close to Athens, while the second is in a mountainous, isolated area. Kiriki has a younger generation of fluent Arvantika speakers, but language shift to Greek is advanced in both communities shaped, according to Tsitsipis, not only by economic changes involving improved transportation and communication, the mechanization of agriculture, and urbanization, which have accelerated since the 1950s, but also by the ideological formations associated with the consolidation of the Greek nation-state, dating from the mid-19th century. The latter process focused symbolically on the exaltation of the heritage of the Greeks, and especially of their language. While adding considerable nuance to our understanding of the situation, Tsitsipis confirms the findings of Eric Hamp (1978:16162; quoted by Tsitsipis on p. 11) that Arvantika speakers unflinchingly and happily accept the axioms that Greek is the oldest culture, Greek literature the first and the Greek language the oldest, the richest the only one with a true grammar. shih emailin e dt. 21/04/09
Etimologji: zhvendosja e madhe e zanoreve Si ka mundesi qe te gjitha shnderrimet e medha te fillojne ne shekullin e 16-te? Ketij shnderrimi, qe perkon me pseudo - zbulimet e medha gjeografike, me pseudo zbulimet e medha ne fushe te shkences dhe me pseudo - realizimet e medha ne fushe te kultures dhe artit, u pergjigjet dhe pseudo - zhvendosja e madhe (keshtu e quajne) e zanoreve ne gjuhen angleze.
Citojme:
The Great Vowel Shift was a massive sound change affecting the long vowels of English during the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries. Basically, the long vowels shifted upwards; that is, a vowel that used to be pronounced in one place in the mouth would be pronounced in a different place, higher up in the mouth. The Great Vowel Shift has had long-term implications for, among other things, orthography, the teaching of reading, and the understanding of any English-language text written before or during the Shift. Any standard history of the English language textbook (see our sources) will have a discussion of the GVS.
http://facweb.furman.edu/~mmenzer/gvs/what.htm
Kuptohet, gjuhesia ishte ne qender te Mashtrimit, ishte Mjeti kryesor nder te gjitha mjetet dhe mekanizmat, qe Monarko - Fashistet shfrytezuan per te percare njerezit, krahas mashtrimit me historine dhe kulturen e tyre, qe do te ndikonin thelle ne fatin e tyre te ardhshem. Per te fshehur arsyet e ketij Mashtrimi, qe perfshiu te gjitha sferat e jetes se shoqerise njerezore, prifterinjte 'humaniste" kishin gjetur dhe pergjigjet e duhura, qe njerezit gjate procesit te shnderrimit te tyre ne angleze, gjermane, franceze e ballkanas te mos kuptonin se c'po ndodhte me ta, e qe ajo qe po ndodhte pas disa shekuj te erresohej fare. shih emailin e dt. 21/04/09
Etimologji: zhvendosje tingujsh nga nje gjuhe ne tjeter Pertej perralles qe flitet per ligjin e Jakob Grimit, shihni sesi prifterinjte e Mesjetes, ata qe ne i quajme Humanistet e Evropes, ndertuan nje sistem fonetik per te dalluar fonetikisht nje gjuhe nga tjetra, nje dallim qe u be baza e gjuhesore e nje ideologjie, e asaj te krijimit te kombeve dhe percarjes se njerezve mes tyre. Kjo kuptohet ne shkalle boterore po qe se ne arrijme te kuptojme se cfare ndodhi ne Ballkan, ku nga nje popull (me fise) u krijuan tre raca, sllavet, greket dhe shqiptaret, dhe brenda racave si ajo sllave u krijuan popujt: serbe, sllovene, kroate, boshnjake, bullgare e maqedonas. U hidhni nje sy dhe termave proto-indoevropian, old saxon, old frisian, old high german, old norse, sanskrit, gothic, qe te gjitha jane gjuhe qe s'jane shkruar e folur kurre nga asnje grup njerezish para vitit 1500. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimm's_law Change Germanic (shifted) examples Non-Germanic (unshifted) cognates
*pf English: foot, German: Fu, Gothic: ftus, Icelandic, Faroese: ftur, Danish: fod, Norwegian, Swedish: fot Ancient Greek: (ps), Latin: ps, pedis, sanskrit: pda, Russian: (pod), Lithuanian: pda
*t English: third, Old High German: thritto, Gothic: ridja, Icelandic: riji Ancient Greek: (tritos), Latin: tertius, Gaelic treas, Irish: tr, Sanskrit: treta, Russian: (tretij), Lithuanian: treias
*kx (x later became h) English: hound, Dutch: hond, German: Hund, Gothic: hunds, Icelandic, Faroese: hundur, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish: hund Ancient Greek: (kn), Latin: canis, Gaelic, Irish: c, Welsh ci
*khw English: what, Gothic: a ("hwa"), Danish hvad, Icelandic: hva, Faroese hvat, Norwegian: hva Latin: quod, Gaelic: ciod, Irish: cad, Sanskrit: ka-, ki, Russian: - (ko-), Lithuanian: k'
*bp English: warp; Swedish: vrpa; Dutch: werpen; Icelandic, Faroese: varpa, Gothic wairpan Latin: verber
*dt English: ten, Dutch: tien, Gothic: tahun, Icelandic: tu, Faroese: tggju, Danish, Norwegian: ti, Swedish: tio Latin: decem, Greek: (dka), Gaelic, Irish: deich, Sanskrit: daan, Russian: (desyat'), Lithuanian: deimt, Welsh deg
*gk English: cold, Dutch: koud, German: kalt, Icelandic, Faroese: kaldur, Danish: kold, Norwegian: kald, Swedish: kall, Latin: gel
*gkw English: quick, Frisian: quick, queck, Dutch: kwiek, Gothic: qius, Old Norse: kvikr, Danish: kvik, Icelandic, Faroese: kvikur, Swedish: kvick, Norwegian kvikk Lithuanian: gyvas
*bb English: brother, Dutch: broeder, German: Bruder, Gothic: broar, Icelandic, Faroese: brir, Danish, Swedish: broder, Norwegian bror Sanskrit: (bhrt), Russian: (brat), Lithuanian: brolis, Old Church Slavonic: (bratru)
*dd English: door, Frisian: doar, Dutch: deur, Gothic: dar, Icelandic, Faroese: dyr, Danish, Norwegian: dr, Swedish: drr Irish: doras, Sanskrit: dwr, Russian: (dver'), Lithuanian: durys
*gg English: goose, Frisian: goes, Dutch: gans, German: Gans, Icelandic: gs, Faroese: gs, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish: gs Russian: (gus')
*ggww English: wife, Proto-Germanic: wiban (from former gwiban), Old Saxon, Old Frisian: wif, Dutch: wijf, Old High German: wib, German: Weib, Old Norse: vif, Icelandic: vf, Faroese: vv, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian: viv Tocharian A: kip, B: kwpe (vulva) shih emailin e dt. 21/04/09
Etimologji: godas, lendoj = sllovenisht koditi = ger. schaden Sllovenisht koditi = shqipen goditi te godas (godita, godite, goditi etj. ne te kr. e thjeshte). Forma te koditi jane:
isl. skaa, sued. skada, dan. skade, holl. schade,
Godas (e kr. e thjeshte godita, godite, goditi etj.) eshte ndertuar njelloj si shqipja qelloj dhe anglishtja kill. shih emailin e dt. 20/04/09 shih http://dictionary.reference.com/languages/
shih shqip zenje
, pligono, plagos, plag
Etimologji: shqipja arreza dhe gung te fjalori italian Qe etimologet e huaj i dine mire keto pune te etimologjise, dhe kur duan ata i shpalosin dijet shume mire, per kete eshte shembull po ai fjalor per te cilen ne nuk kemi folur hic mire. Shihni tani sesa bukur flitet per it. nuca, ger. Nacken, angl. neck, por dhe per shqipen arreza, dhe per gnucca qe ngjan me shqipen gung, qe kane lidhje etimologjike me gjermanishten Knochen, kock. Duhet t'u shkosh e t'ua nxjerresh si me grep, sic themi ne per nje njeri gojekycur. Te tille jane etimologet e huaj. Pra, nuk eshte se ata nuk i dine punet e etimologjise se fjaleve. Puna eshte se ata ato qe dine nuk duan t'ua mesojne njerezve.
Perse nuk duan qe njerezit te dine ato qe ata dine?
Sepse keshtu e kane ndertuat boten Monarko - Fashistet. Dhe kjo nuk ndodh vetem ne nje vend, keto pseudo - rregulla, ky moral i shtrember ekziston ne cdo vend.
http://www.etimo.it/?term=nuca&find=Cerca
http://www.etimo.it/?term=gnucca&find=Cerca
Etimologji: it. urtare = angl. hurt Po te ishte se ne do t'u binim ne qafe etimologeve te huaj thjesht per ndonje pakujdesi a pasaktesi ne shenimet e tyre etimologjike, ne do te tregoheshim te percipte e te pacipe. Por kembengulja jone per te demaskuar etimologet e huaj, hilete e tyre, eshte e bazuar, ne kemi per ta shume shembuj. Nje shembull i tille eshte njejtesia e anglishtes hurt dhe italishtes urtare. Megjithese keto jane e njejta fjale, sic jane te njejta dhe kuptimet qe ato kane, te http://dictionary.reference.com/languages/ nuk permendet asnjehere italishtja urtare, megjithese ajo duhet te ishte e para sa here qe vihet korresponduesja italiane e anglishtes hurt:
Shikojeni vete, ne vend te urtare kemi fare male, farsi male, ferirsi male, dolere.
Por cfare bejne keta te humbur, nga shiu bien ne bresher, sepse duke fshehur barazimin hurt = urtare, te ferirsi dhe farsi male nxjerrin barazimin tjeter:
farsi male = ferirsi
farsi = fer + si
ma, wa, au, ai dhe le jane sinonim te ir, ar ne Kodin e shqipes.
farsi male > ferirsi > ferita
Ketej ka dale dhe italishtja ferita, plage. Ferita mungon fare te fjalori i italianeve: http://www.etimo.it/?term=ferita&find=Cerca
Referenca te tjera:
http://doc.studenti.it/index.php?testo=urtare&pag=1&tipo=5&index=default&tipologia=0 shih emailin e dt. 20/04/09 shih hard, ger. hart
Etimologji: ger. hren, gehren, gehorchen, horchen Tani le te kthehemi te grupi yne. Socialisteve dhe demokrateve une u drejtohem kur dua t'i shaj, pasi ata keshilla nuk pranojne, sidomos nga une. E mbi te gjitha, ata jane njerez qe per nje kafshate buke nuk ndalen para asnje hapi, po t'i urdherojne Monarket jane gati edhe te vrasin. Me ta s'ka si te kete marreveshje. Interesi vetjak eshte e vetmja bindje e tyre. Dhe s'kishte ndryshe pse politikanet t'i hynin politikes. Perjashtimet nga ky rregull, sic po shohim, jane shume te rralla. Une vete sot s'kam asnje te njohur, nga asnje parti, me nje perjashtim te vetem. Ju mund te dini ndonje perjashtim tjeter. Jane perjashtimet, bile, qe ne na bindin se cili eshte rregulli ne politike. Nga perceptime te tilla une arrij te kuptoj realitetin.
Kjo qe do t'ju them tani eshte mbase e thjeshte, dhe mund ta keni ditur. Por une sot e vura re, s'e kam pare te shenuar vend tjeter, ndaj dhe po jua e them. Eshte fjala per gjermanishtet:
ger. hren, gehorsam, gehorchen, horchen, gehren,
Pa shihni sa bukur jane te lidhura ne gjermanisht. Ohr ne gjermanisht i thone veshit, ndersa hren, degjoj. Njelloj si ne anglisht:
hren - Ohr
hear - ear
Por ne gjermanisht ne kemi me tej,
nga hren, hrte, gehrt, degjoj, degjova, degjuar > gehorsam, i degjueshem > gehorchen, bindem > gehren, i perkas (nje grupi, klase, gjinie, partie etj.) shih emailin e dt. 20/04/09
Etimologji: it. abuso, abuzim Kush don te kuptoje, ai e ka kuptuar se qenia e jone eshte e rrethuar ne cdo kend e ne cdo ane, qe ne te kthehemi, nga abuzime te pushtetit te Monarko - Fashisteve ndaj nesh. Pjese e ketij abuzimi eshte dhe loja me Dijen. Le te shohim se nga vjen italishtja abuso dhe folja abusare.
Te http://www.etimo.it/?term=abuso Horrat italiane kerkojne te na mbushin mendjen se abuso vjen nga latinishtet abusus, nga abuti, nga ab, qe tregon largim + uti, perdor. Se c'lidhje ka 'te perdoresh duke larguar" me abuzimin, kete vetem nje Horr e din. Nga Horri italian prejardhjen e abuso keshtu e ka mesuar dhe Bushtra shqiptare, por fatkeqesia e Bushtres shqiptare eshte se ajo din ato qe deklaron Horri italian dhe jo ato qe ai din ne te vertete. Cfare din ne te vertete Horri etimolog italian, qe s'ia ka treguar kurre Bushtres shqiptare? Horri italian nuk i ka treguar kurre Bushtres se
abusare < ab + us + are
pra, qe
I ab, ay, ai ishte ar, 1. flori 2. perendi
II ab, ay, ai, al, yll + us, ish + are, br
Abuzimi me i madh qe shte bere dhe vazhdon te behet me racen njerezore eshte Perralla e Bibles se Krishti eshte Perendi! Kete e kane sanksionuar vete ne fjale si abuso e ne shume fjale te tjera (si Charlatan, Arlekin, i qelbur e i felliqur etj. etj. ) vete Horrat e pare, qelbaniket me te medhenj, Humanistet e Evropes, Prifterinjte me hileqare e me te poshter, qe ka njohur e do te mbaje mend Historia.
Keto Bushtra shqiptare s'ka nga t'i dije, pasi Horri italian, ai austriak, gjerman, anglez apo francez, pra, horrat e etimologjise nuk ia kane mesuar as Demirajt e Memushajt, e jo me nje Bushtre. shih emailin e dt. 20/04/09
Etimologji: parashtesat ac-, ag- Prifterinjte e shekullit te 16-te, thame, asgje s'e kane bere pa e matur dhe peshuar mijra here. Per te kuptuar kete qe themi ne po ndalemi perseri te parashtesat ac- dhe ag- , qe ne i pame te access dhe aggression. Per t'jua mbushur pjeserisht mendjen ne gjithmone kemi shfrytezuar te vertetat e pjeseshme qe kane deklaruar vete etimologet e perendimit. Keshtu, edhe tani po marrim per baze ato qe thone ata ne faqen http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/prefixes.htm.
Ne kete faqe mesojme se parashtesat a-, ac-, af-, ag- al-, an-, ap-, at- as-, at- sherbejne per te treguar , njelloj si parashtesa ad, drejtimin duke na dhene dhe shembuj fjalesh ku ndeshen keto parashtesa:
advance, adulterate, adjunct, ascend, affiliate, affirm, aggravate, alleviate, annotate, apprehend, arrive, assemble, attend
Nga nje veshtrim i shpejte i vargut te parashtesave te ofruara, ne shohim se te gjitha kane lidhje me Kodin e Shqipes, dhe konkretisht:
af = ap = au, Ai
al, Yll
ad = at, At
ac = as = an
ku an sillet here si Au, ai dhe here si pjese e vargut te shqipes jam: am, an, em, en, im , in .. etj. etj. Sic e shihni kemi shpjegim per cdo problem etimologjik, nje shpjegim qe s'e japin kurre dhe ne asnje vend etimologet e huaj, dhe qe s'kishin se nga e mesonin kurre Bushtrat e Shqiperise, qe kane marre persiper barren e rende te te Huajve. Nuk mjafton te rreshtosh vargun a-, ac-, af-, ag- al-, an-, ap-, at- as-, at-. Duhet t'ua shpjegosh mbare shqiptareve, more Horr Italian apo Bushter Shqiptare, se perse shkruhen keto parashtesa e se nga vijne.
Kush don te na ndjeke e te kuptoje perse ne i meshojme Kodit te Shqipes, duhet te lexoje shkrimet tona ne shtyp dhe te gjitha emailet. Pasi t'i kete lexuar, kushdo eshte i lire te marre mundimin te na pyese a te na shqetesoje.
Referenca:
http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/prefixes.htm shih emailin e dt. 20/04/09
Etimologji: angl. acces dhe recess; it. agressione dhe angl. regress Sot ne mengjes, Shkembinjte hodhen mbi koken tone nje gure tjeter mbi dyshemene e tyre, pra, mbi tavanin tone, duke bere keshtu zgjimin e mengjesit dhe duke na kujtuar se c'kemi vuajtur prej tyre deri ne mes te nates. Koka jone zjen nga pagjumesia. Eshte nje metode qe nuk e kane shpikur Shkembinjte. Kjo , eshte nje metode shqetesimi psikologjik , qe e kane sajuar murgjit e Vatikanit dhe qe sot e shfrytezon me sukses CIA, Interpoli dhe filialja e tyre ne Shqiperi, SHISH-i.
S'mund te kete qetesi ne shtepine time sa kohe qe s'ka qetesi i tere vendi yne. Dje ne Durres nje shqiptar vrau per ceshtje pronesie dy veta dhe plagosi nje tjeter. Konflikti mes shqiptareve, ky ka qene dhe mbetet endrra e kahershme e Perendimit, ai Perendim qe mbron dhe na rekomandon Bushtra. Kjo eshte Shqiperia qe kane realizuar Toptanet, Zogollet, Hoxhet dhe Berishat. Edhe gjate 500 vjeteve te fundit te paret tane vuajten nen Turqi sepse keshtu deshen Monarko - Fashistet. Do kemi kohe te flasim perseri per Bushtrat shqiptare dhe per padronet e tyre, Monarko Fashistet e Evropes. Eshte nje premtim qe ne ua kemi bere publikisht kur qeme ne Bruksel.
Tani le te shohim punet e etimologjise, pune ku ngaterrohet qellinisht per te mbjellur konfuzion me paditurine e saj edhe Bushtra socialiste. Dje folem per angl. recess, recession. Le te shohim sot angl. access, aggression dhe regression.
angl. access qendron ndaj angl. recess
njelloj si
angl. aggression qendron ndaj angl. regression (shih p.sh. keto dy terma ne psikologji).
Per te zgjidhur rebusin etimologjik te fjaleve te krijuara nga prifterinjte, neve na duhet te shohim se c'jane ne rastin tone grupet bashtingellore cc dhe gg. Themi ne rastin tone pasi ato nuk sillen njelloj ne te gjitha rastet. Grupi bashtingellor gg ne greqisht vjen nga bashkimi i bashtingellores n me k, g, h. P.sh. :
+ , , = , , : -> -> - > , ...
Keshtu qe edhe te it. aggredire, grupi gg vjen nga ng: an + -gredire, ku -gredire, -gradare si te digredire, degradare, per te cilat ju kemi folur. Fjalori etimologjik i italishtes, te cilit i jemi referuar kohet e fundit (shih adresen poshte te internetit) e jep foljen aggredire te ardhur nga ad, qe tregon drejtim, + gradi, shkoj, apitem, ku gradi, sipas tyre vjen nga gradus, hap. Zberthimi i ag- ne ad nga ana e etimologeve italiane eshte i drejte, por, ata edhe ketu nuk shpjegojne sesi ag- shnderrohet ne ad! Ketu qendron poshtersia, prandaj une i urrej Bushtrat, si Bushtrat e ditura te Perendimit ashtu edhe Bushtrat e paditura te Shqiperise. Dhe urrej me shume Bushtrat shqiptare, pasi ne qofte se Bushtrat e Perendimit po te flasin hapur kane se c'te humbasin, cfare humbasin Bushtrat e Shqiperise, qe tani kane hapur syte? Bushtrat e Shqiperise humbasin tangerrllekun dhe mireqenien, pasi ne boten e krijuar nga Monarko - Fashistet mund te shesesh mend e te rrosh pa derte vetem po u bere papagall e megafon i shkences se Monarko - Fashisteve. Nga ky rol i shemtuar i disa shqiptarev buron dhe zemerimi im.
Thame se ag nuk mund te shnderrohet ne ad, at pa kaluar me pare permes nje shnderrimi dhe krahasimi tjeter:
ag < an < au, ay, ai
dhe
Ai eshte sinonim me ad, At ne Kodin e Shqipes! Prandaj dhe italianet mund t'i shtojne gradi nje ag, nje shtese qe nuk eshte bere kurre kot, ashtu sic prifterinjte e Mesjetes asgje nuk kane bere pa e peshuar dhe matur mijra here. Vetem keshtu, ne kete rruge mund te shpjegohen keto probleme etimologjike. Dhe ne do te vazhdojme t'i sqarojme rebuset e etimologjise monarko - fashiste ne lufte te hapur me te gjitha Bushtrat e paditura, por teper te liga shqiptare, te cdo kallepi e te cdo ngjyre qofshin.
http://www.krassanakis.gr/Greek_writing.htm
http://www.etimo.it/?term=aggredire shih emailin e dt. 20/04/09
Etimologji: it. ritardare, ritardo Sapo folem per it. ritiro, ritirare e ritirarsi, si dhe it. & lat. recedere dhe angl. recess e recession. Ne vazhdim le te shohim it. ritardo dhe ritardare.
Kur Krishti erdhi ne toke, dhe kane nje siguri qe te habit kur i degjon, Krishti paska bere hapa prapa. Si rregull, ai duhet te jete kthyer ne drejtim te Tokes e duhet te jete nisur per udhe, ose ka ardhur prapsht duke bere hapa prapa duke qendruar me shpinen drejtuar kendej. Sido qe te kete ndodhur, Krishti per t'u kthyer beri nje reesion. Kete reesion, ju quajeni si te doni, per mua ai ka qene nje regres, ndersa ju mund ta quani nje progres apo proesion. Per it. regresso, degradare, digradare, progredire, digredire, digressione etj., mendojme t'ju flasim neser. Sonte duam ta mbyllim biseden me dy folje te tjera italiane: ritornare dhe ritardare.
it. ritornare = it. ritirarsi
sepse
ri + tor, tir + -nare, -are + si, ish, eshte
Krishti, thone prifterinjte greke e italiane, u kthye, dhe per te shprehur kete ide dhe veprim ata perdorin foljen ritornare (dhe pjesoren ritornato). Por kur duan te thone qe Krishti nuk eshte kthyer akoma, ata u shtojne foljeve ritornare dhe ritirarsi-it nje 'da', si da-ja e rusishtes, dhe folja ritornare e ajo ritirarsi marrin trajten ritardare, qe ne shqip don te thote vonohet, apo ritardarsi, vonohem.
Nga ritardare prifterinjte kane krijuar emrin ritardo dhe me pas foljen tardare dhe ndajfoljen tardo. Foljen ritardare ne nuk e gjejme te shtjelluar fare ne Vocabolario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana. Kushedi sesi e kane patur hallin. Mungon dhe pjesorja dhe mbiemri ritardato!
http://www.etimo.it/?term=ritardare&find=Cerca shih emailin e dt. 19/04/09
Etimologji: angl. recess, recession Nje trajte e it. ritirare, ritirarsi eshte it. & lat. recedere
recedere = ritirarsi
sepse
re, ri + ce, si + de, tir + re, ar
Njejtesim etimologjik me te qarte mes pjeseve (blloqeve ndertues, building blocks) nuk ka.
Te http://www.etimo.it/?term=recedere kerkojne te na mesojne se recedere ka ardhur nga re + cedere, kur ne fakt eshte e kunderta.
Angl. recess, recession, it. recesso, lat. recessus vijne nga togfjaleshi:
re, mbret + ces, q'eshte, eshte.
Eshte fjala perseri per Krishtin dhe te gjithe ata qe qendrojne prapa tij, nje detyre te veshtire, mbrojtjen e te ciles cuditerisht Monarko - Fashistet ia kane besuar tashme, me ne fund, pas Demirajt dhe Memushaj, edhe shqiptares Shamku! shih emailin e dt. 19/04/09
Etimologji: angl. retreat = it. ritiro > ger. zerren, shqipen jerr angl. retreat < it. ritiro
sepse
tre = tir
at sinonim me o, au, ai (ne Kodin e Shqipes)
it. ritiro, terheqje < it. ritirare
it. ritirare < ri + tir + are
sepse
ri + (tir) + are < it. arrivare = ar + ri + vare
ku ar, er (ger. ai) + ri, re, mbret + vare, br
Italishtja tirare vjen nga it. ritirare dhe jo nga gotishtja gatairan, sic thuhet te:
te http://www.etimo.it/?term=tirare
sepse gotishte s'ka patur kurre, gotishtja eshte nje gjuhe e vjeter e sajuar, qe njelloj si greqishtja e vjeter, latinishtja dhe sanskritishtja s'jane shkruar e as folur ndonjehere para vitit 1500!
Sic shihet, jo pa qellim, kudo kerkohet te erresohet etimologjia e vertete e fjaleve, burimi i tyre. Kur etimologjia e fjaleve fillon te sqarohet, kjo behet shkas per sulme te paskruptullta si akuzat per pseudopatriotizem, bile izolacionist. Ky eshte nje term i ri i farkuar zonja se fundi nga zonja Shamku.
Te faqja e mesiperme jane me vlere lidhjet etimologjike mes it. tirare, angl. tear, ger. zerren, e cila na kujton shqipen 'jerr'. Gjermanishtes zerren ne do t'i shtonim zerreien dhe reien.
pra,
it. tirare = angl. tear = ger. zerren, zerreien > reien
Shihni vete fjalet e prejardhura angl. retire dhe retirement.
shih tired, i lodhur
shkullar Budi preti secolari shih shkoll, shkollar, Shih http://www.balkanweb.com/pdf/milosao.pdf
famulli = family, familje
terma filozofike dhe emra filozofesh arabisht Ibtulamayus - Ptolemy - Ptolemeu
Rituriqa - Rhetorica - Retorika
Suqratis - Socrate - Sokrati
Sufistiqa Sophistici Elenchie Aristotelit - Sofistika (libri i gjashte i Logjikes) http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/pd/
Irin al-Mijaniqi ar.
Heron the Mechanic of Alexandria (fl. early 1st century B.C.).
Berg dhe montagna
qitap ar. kitab, ger. Tafel, ger. Tabelle, it. tabella, angl. table, lat. tabula shih epitaf
Advertise,
v.a.khaber vermek (Redhouse, 1880)Etimologji: emri turq. bereket = foljen holl. bereiken Bereqet turqisht don te thote bekim, perparim, fat; pasuri, kamje.
Bereqet eshte etimologjikisht = me hollandishten bereiken, arrij (nje synim, objektiv).
holl. bereiken vjen
ber + ei [aj] + ken
nga ku ka dale
rei [aj] = rij te rijk, i pasur.
Faktin qe Krishti arriti te behet ei, ij, aj, AI, prifterinjte e kane quajtur 'fat' dhe 'pasuri'.
Eshte fjala per Krishtin, Krishtin qe behet mbret, shpirti i te cilit perfundon ne xhenet. Eshte figura e Krishtit, figura qendrore e Bibles, mosha e tij, beqaria e tij, por dhe martesa e tij me shpirtin e shenjte, eshte pseudo-ardhja e tij ne toke, pra, premtimi i dhene dhe i mbajtur, por dhe premtimi i mosbajtur, pasi Krishti ne te vertete s'ka ardhur dhe as ka per te ardhur ndonjehere ne toke, eshte shpirtmadhesia e tij ndaj te vdekurve, por edhe shpirtegersia e tij ndaj te gjalleve, jane ndjenja e meshires dhe e hakmarrjes, e shume cifte te tilla ndjenjash, hamendesimesh, mendimesh, sigurish dhe pasigurish te cmendura prifterinjsh, Jezitesh, ato qe mbushin thesarin e leksikut te gjitha gjuheve te botes.
Hollandishtes rijk i pergjigjen angl. rich dhe ger. reich, ndersa pasurise ger. Reichtum dhe holl. rijkdom. Meqenese turqishtja bereqet nuk ngjan me ger. Reichtum dhe holl. rijkdom, ketu thone ne s'kemi etimologji te njejta. Keshtu thone etimologet e huaj, keshtu u shkojne pas avazit ata qe kane pretenduar dhe pretendojne se kane bere ndonjehere me pare apo po bejne tani Etimologji ne Shqiperi.Te vertetosh qe bereqet = rijkdom dhe se rijk ka te njejten etimologji me bereiken, se bereiken ka te njejten etimologji me bereqet, dhe se bereqet ka te njeten etimologji me rijk, rich dhe reich, e me tej akoma, qe bereiken ka te njejten etimologji me angl. reach, dhe me tej akoma, qe bereiken ka te njejten etimologji me it. arrivare, me gjermanishten erreichen dhe anglishten reach, keto thone pseudo-studjuesit shqiptare jo vetem qe jane shkelje ne rruge te pashkelura, POR, keto qenkan dhe pseudopatriotizem izolacionist.
Zberthimin e ketyre marrezive zonja si Shllaku, Shmaku apo Shamku e quajne pseudopatriotizem izolacionist. A thua se per 18 vjet rresht (+ 50 vjet te Enverit) Evropa vazhdon ta mbaje te izoluar Shqiperine per shkak te etimologjive qe zberthejme ne ?! E c'pune ka shkenca me izolimin apo jo te nje vendi si Shqiperia? Shqiperine e kane izoluar dhe e izolojne ato vende qe vune ne pushtet Enver Hoxhen, qe kane vene sot Sali Beirshen, dhe qe do te vene neser Edi Ramen, ato qe perkedhelin Shllakun, Shmakun dhe Shamkun. Jane e njejta klike evropiane ata qe mbajne me buke antishqiptaret, Monarko - Fashistet e Evropes. shih emailin e dt. 19/04/09
Etimologji: ger. anklagen = shqip ankohem ger. anklagen = shqip ankohem
anklagen = ankohem
Keto dy folje, nje ne gjermanisht dhe tjetra ne shqip kane ne perberje te tyre
kla = ko
la = o, au, al
gen = hen, hem
Etimologjite tona jane ato qe quajne qe zonja si Shllaku, Shmaku apo Shamku e quajne pseudopatriotizem izolacionist. A thua se per 18 vjet rresht (+ 50 vjet) te Enverit Evropa vazhdon ta mbaje te izoluar Shqiperine per shkak te etimologjive qe zberthejme ne ?! shih emailin e dt. 19/04/09
Etimologji: etimologjine nuk mund ta bejne ata dhe ato qe jane gati qe per nje karrike te shesin shume me shume se bindjet e tyre It. fondere dhe confondere, lat. fundere dhe confundere
Ne fjalort etimologjike pseudo-etimologet na msojn se it. confondere vjen nga lat. confundere, e cila nga ana e saj vjen nga cum + fundere, e cila ne italisht don te thot fondere.
http://www.etimo.it/?term=confondere&find=Cerca
Fondere, thuhet me tej vjen nga fusus prmes nje fud sus. Dhe kto i zbrthejn me tej ne fu, e cila don te thot sipas tyre versare dhe e lidhin me nje greqishte chu, e cila sipas tyre don te thot dhe kjo versare, shqip derdh.
http://www.etimo.it/?term=fondere&find=Cerca
Kete, etimologt italiane e quajn etimologji. Por jo vetm etimologt italiane. Kjo sht e vetmja rruga qe ndjekin verberisht te gjitha ata qe njlloj si Shamku pohojn se:
vetem njohja e kulturs s njimendt e transhendentale krijon ate bazament moral e historik mbi t cilin duhen mbshtet prpjekjet pr me u rikthye n gjin
Ne te vrtet, dhe kjo sht e vrteta jon me te ciln nuk po guxon te prballet hapur, publikisht askush, ne te njjtn studio televizive apo ne te njjtn salle shkencore, it. fuso, fondere, dhe lat. fundere, fusus kan ndjekur kete rruge formimi:
It. fuso dhe it. fondere apo lat. fusus, lat. fundere, vijn nga it. confondere, it. confuso, lat. confundere, lat. confusus.
Lat. confundere, it. confondere < it. comporre dhe lat. componere
it. comporre = it. formare
comporre < com + por + re
formare < for + ma + re
por = for
com, co, au = ma, wa, au
re
it. comporre = lat. componere
por < br
pon < won, wen, ven, vjen
Prandaj,
lat. componere > lat. ponere, fundere, it. fondere
It. comporre > lat. porre
Shnderrimet por, por ne pos i kupton dhe pranon ai qe njeh Kodin e Shqipes. Eshte Kodi i Shqipes ai qe verbon syt dhe mpin mendjen e antishqiptarve, proevropianeve, atyre evropianve qe per mbajtur nje karrike jan gati te shesin shume me shum se bindjet e tyre.
http://www.etimo.it/?term=confondere&find=Cerca shih emailin e dt. 19/04/09
Etimologji: italishtja porre dhe latinishtja ponere Perse ne zgjedhimin e meposhtem, rrenja e italishtes por- nderron ne pon- dhe pos-? A mund t'u japin pergjigje ceshtjeve te tilla etimologjike gjuhetare te paturpshem, te cilat paaftesine e tyre ia u shesin shqiptareve per dije? A mund ta shpjegosh kete ti Ledi Shmaku, se te paskemi ngaterruar dhe emrin ne emailin e meparshem! http://italian.about.com/library/verb/blverb_porre.htm Shih dhe zgjedhimin e latinishtes ponere http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/~lha/Latin_vocab/verb3/ponere.html shih emailin e dt. 19/04/09
Nje shkrim te Gazeta Shqiptare nga Ledi Shllaku Sot ne patem rastin te shikojme mbi tezgat e gazetave shkrimin e Ledi Shllakut, hem socialiste, hem katolike. Te mbash mbi supe te brishta te gjitha keto ofiqe dhe te besh punen e gjuhetares eshte nje gje krejt e pamundur. Qe te marresh lapsin e te derdellisesh per etimologjine dhe historine e fjaleve, me pare kjo zonje, njelloj si mesuesit e pedagoget e saj, duhet te shpjegoje se cilat jane te Formula e Pagezimit fjale me burim nga shqipja dhe cilat fjale te huazuara. Dhe pasi t'i vecosh ato, duhet te jesh ne gjendje te argumentosh perse fjalet, qe pretendohet se jane te shqipes vijne nga shqipja dhe perse fjalet qe vijne nga gjuhet e huaja nuk jane te shqipes. A eshte ne gjendje zonja Ledi Shllaku t'u jape pergjigje ketyre pyetjeve? Kur ajo nuk eshte ne gjendje qe te jape shpjegime te tilla, dhe per kete ne jemi 1000% te sigurte, perse Ledi Shllaku merret me kete pune, me punen e etimologut?
Megjithese Ledi Shllaku eshte teper e vogel per t'u dhene pergjigje pyetjeve te medha te gjuhes shqipe, pasi keto pergjigje asaj s'ia ka mesuar kush as ne shkolle dhe as ne partine socialiste, pasi koka e saj as qe mund t'i gjeje ato pergjigje, ajo merr guximin te flase per pseudopatriotizmin izolacionist:
"Duem me besue se pr shqiptart, tash q ka ndrrue moti e stina dhe pseudopatriotizmi izolacionist nuk shtrngon ma me ec ndr shtigje t pashkeluna, vetm njohja e kulturs s njimendt e transhendentale krijon ate bazament moral e historik mbi t cilin duhen mbshtet prpjekjet pr me u rikthye n gjin, n Europn prej kah u shkputn forcnisht shekuj ma par."
Po ju japim te skanuar shkrimin e kesaj zonje per te pare se te cfare natyre jane dhe cfare permbajne shkrimet e gjuhetareve tane, qe nuk ndryshojne nga dhjetra e qindra mijra shkrime te tjera shkencetarucesh ne mabare boten, te cilet ende dhe sot nuk kane qene ne gjendje te zberthejne e te shpjegojne pretendimin e Bibles se Zoti nga nje gjuhe, per te ngaterruar njerezit, krijoi shume gjuhe te tjera. Perse Zoti krijoi shume gjuhe qe me to te ngaterronte mbare njerezimin? Kete nuk mund te na e shpjegoje nje besimtare e paditur si Ledi Sllaku. ...... shih emailin e dt. 19/04/09
Etimologji: it. protesi = gr. , prothesis it. protesi = gr. , prothesis
It. protesi prdoret n mjeksi; protesi dentale, protesi del seno, protesi ortopedica, etj. Protesi, thon etimologt italiane me prulje, vjen nga greqishtja prothesis, si dhe t sqarojn se edhe prothesis vikrka nga greqishtja prostitheai, shtoj; v perpara, e cila nga ana e vet vikrka nga gr. pro, prpara dhe tithenai, ve, vendos. Duket sikur gjithka sht n rregull. Le t shohim dhe nj kuptim tjetr t ; prothesis n gjuhn kishtare don t thot liturgji, dhe m konkretisht sht pjes e Liturgjis Hyjnore t Kishs Ortodokse t Lindjes. Gjuhtart e kan shndrruar prothesis n prosthesis me t ciln quajn nj fonem apo silab, q vendoset n fillim t fjals. N kt rastin e fundit, prosthesis dhe prosthetik kan marr nuancn e nj shtese pa vler semantike pasi nuk ia ndryshon kuptimin fjals s cils i parangjitet.
T tra kto dokrra etimologjike sqarohen po qe se ne do t krahasonim greqishten prostitheai me it. porre inanzi. Si shihet nga barazimi:
prostitheai = porre inanzi
ne duhet t kishim nj barazim fonetik mes pros dhe inanzi dhe titheai, tithenai dhe porre ?! Nj gj t till edhe bufi e sheh q nuk ndodh, pasi lidhje ka pros me inanzi dhe lidhje ka tithenai me porre. Kemi t bjm kshtu me nj t miliontn pjes t trukeve t atyre q krijuan greqishten dhe italishten n shekullin e 16-t.
Gr. pros = it. por
gr. ai alternohet me it. re
it. por + re = gr. pros + ai
Kshtu q gr. titheai sht nj sajes e ndrtuar sipas rradhs s fjalformimit:
it. porre > gr. prostitheai > gr. titheai > tithenai, tithemi
Dhe n fund le t barazojm:
titheai = tithemi
ai = mi, ui, ai
Po t mos ndiqet kjo rrug zbrthimi etimologjik, askush nuk sht n gjendje t zbrtheje etimologjin e greqishtes -titheai, tithenai, tithemi! Shum jan lodhur Jezitt e Perndimit t'u krijojn shqiptarve t jugut nj gjuh, m shum duhet t lodhemi ne pr t montuar kt Mynxyr.
Referenca:
http://www.etimo.it/?cmd=id&id=13777&md=90bf0bed5072449b4cb3a6655066797c
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protesi
http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/991974
Etimologji: turq. derece [derexhe] = angl. grade, degree Ne shqipen e folur ne degjojme te perdoret turqishtja derexhe ne shprehje si " e kane sjelle, katandisur ne kete derexhe", Turqishtja derece [derexhe] don te thote grade, shkalle. Le te krahasojme turqishten derexhe me anglishten grade dhe degree (fjale qe mund t'i merrni si referim dhe ne gjuhe te tjera neolatine apo gjermanike). Ky shembull vlen per te kuptuar nje nga menyrat me te zakonshme te fjaleformimit ne te gjitha gjuhet e vjetra e te reja, ate qe gjuhetaret e quajne metateze (meta, gr. prapsht + teze, shqipja theshe, thash).
derece [derece] = degree
de + rece, gree
Besoj se nuk keni njevoje per sqarime te metejshme. Per barazimin degree = grade ne kemi folur me pare, eshte vepriruar njelloj si mes derece-se dhe degree-se.
Reference:
http://en.bab.la/dictionary/turkish-english/o+derece.html
Ja u dergojme keto emaile edhe atyre te PS-se (PD-ja nuk na ka derguar deri me sot asnje email), qe te kuptojne se nuk do te mund te fshihen perjetesisht si struci e nuk do te mund te injorojne shqipen dhe Kodin e saj, qe i ka dhene rrenjet te gjitha gjuheve te botes. Jo vetem qe nuk do te fshihen dot me si struci, por edhe do te mbajne pergjegjesi per qendrimin qe ata mbajne ndaj persekutimit qe i eshte bere dhe vazhdon t'i behet hapur nga shteti shqiptar familjes tone. shih emailin e dt. 18/04/09
gr. , lat. anti, sanskr. nti ante meridiem
before = in front of
Etymology of the Greek word kratos ()
the Greek word kratos, (vigor ('great'))
derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kar-
Conseil d' Etat, Council of State, highest administrative court (Symvoulio Epikrateias) Supreme Court of Greece (Areios Pagos) Elegktiko Synedrio (Court of auditors) epikrateia, province; domain
kratei = hold (fast) kratei to be strog, to rule, kra`tos stregth Kratei = rule Ceirotonia kratei, omnium suffragiis obtinet, and OudeiV anteceirotonhsen, no man giveth a contrary vote. anteceirotonhsen < ante + ceiro + ton + hsen contra = anti http://www.newble.co.uk/hall/gillespie/election.html
relax angl. it. rilasciare, lasciare
slacken angl. loose shih become slack, ger. schlecht, schlaegt shih schlagen
solemnly < so + le + mn, men + ly
kndoj shih
kdn
agriech. kdeia 'Kopf einer Pflanze'
agriech. kdn 'Handglocke' < ngriech. kuni 'Glocke, Klingel' http://www.heinrich-tischner.de/22-sp/2wo/wort/idg/deutsch/a-h/glocke.htm
calare lat. = angl. to call; to proclaim solemnly it. calre, v.
v. tr. 1 Far scendere, di solito con cautela, pesi o altro. ~ abbassare. alzare. calare le vele , ammainarle. 2 Nei lavori a maglia, diminuire il numero delle maglie col crescere dei giri. 3 Nei giochi di carte, gettare la propria carta in tavola senza far presa.
v. intr. 1 Scendere gradatamente. ~ decrescere. salire. calare il sipario , terminare la rappresentazione. 2 . Diminuire di peso. ~ dimagrire. 3 Tramontare. sorgere. 4 Avere un'intonazione pi bassa di quella giusta. calare di tono .
v. intr. pron. o rifl. 1 Muoversi dall'alto verso il basso usando appoggi. ~ scendere. arrampicarsi. i ladri si sono calati dalla finestra con una fune . 2 Immedesimarsi in un ruolo.
Inglese: v. tr. 1 to lower, to let down. 2 (lavoro a maglia) to decrease. v. intr. to go down, to descend. v. intr. pron. to let oneself down.
Etimologia: lat. calare , lasciar cadere, deriv. dal greco chalan allentare. http://enciclopedia.studenti.it/calare.html
Etimologji: shpjegimi etimologjik Pseudo-rrnjt indoevropiane
Pranohet botrisht se n fillim ka qen fjala, dhe se fjalt e para i prkisnin nj gjuhe t vetme, dhe se nga ajo gjuh kan lindur t gjitha t tjerat. E gjith puna sht se nuk bihet dakort pr nj shtje qendrore, se cila ka qen ajo gjuh nga kan dal gjuht e tjera. Edhe Bibla nuk na e thot kt gj. Vese thot se n fillim ka qen nj gjuh.
Ajo q na intereson ne ktu sht se objektivi i Etimologjis sht t zbuloj rrnjt e asaj gjuhe t par, nga e cila kan dal t gjitha pseudo-rrnjt e gjuhve t tjera. Nj gj t till nuk e bn dot Indoevropianishtja, pasi ajo nuk arrin
t shpjegoj vet kuptimin e rrnjve, q ajo i veon si pseudo-indoevropiane
kto rrnj, q ajo veon, nuk mbartin t njjtin kuptim n fjal t ndryshme.
Ja nj shembull i pafuqis s Etimologjis Indoevropiane:
http://www.myetymology.com/greek/kratos.html
Etymology of the Greek word kratos () the Greek word kratos, (vigor ('great'))
derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kar
Derivations in Greek
autokrates, pankration, pankrates, oxucraton, aristokratia, demokratia Derivations in other languages
French -cratie, French -crate, German Kraton, Italian mesocrato, Italian cratogene, Italian cratone
dhe
http://www.myetymology.com/proto-indo-european/kar-.html
Proto-Indo-European root *kar-
Derivations in other languages English heard, Frankish hard, French hardir, Greek karkinos, Greek kratos, Greek karuon, Latin carina, Latin cancer
Mir, etimolog t shquar din t japin shum shembuj, por nuk din t na shpjegojn se far kuptimi ka rrnja indoevropiane *kar dhe se far roli luan ajo n t gjitha fjalt e prejardhura prej saj. N qoft se nuk e din kuptimin e pseudo-rrnjs kar, si guxojn ta veojn dhe prse e veojn, xhanm? Kto pyetje secili prej jush mund ti bj pr do pseudo-rrnj tjetr t indoevropianishtes.
Te t gjitha kto autokrates, pankration, pankrates, oxucraton, aristokratia, demokratia, -cratie, -crate, Kraton, mesocrato, cratogene, cratone, heard, hard, hardir, karkinos, kratos, karuon, carina, cancer ne shohim se kemi:
-kra-, -cra-, hear-, har-, kar-, car-, cer
Ktyre duhet tu shtojm t gjith vargun q formohet nga togfjalshi i shqipes:
q + ar
q merr trajtat e mposhtme:
Vargu i lidhzes shqipe q, q, e cila n gjuh t ndryshme merr trajtn e tingujve (bashktinglloreve) :
c, ch, ck, dg, dz, g, gj, h, j, k, q, qu, s, sh, sch, z, zh, x, xh e ndonj tjetr q ne mund t kemi harruar apo q nuk e kemi zbuluar ende.
dhe
ar:
ar, er, ir, or, ur, ra, re, ri, ro, ru
Nga bashkimi i ktyre vargjeve n t gjitha kombinimet e mundshme, nga bashkimi i lidhzes q me rrnjn shqipe ar prftohen trajtat:
-car, -care, -gar, -gare, etj., q jan prapashtesa foljore n gjuhn latine e ato neolatine.
Er, premr vetor i vets s III-t njjs t gjermanishtes, q don t thot ai,
ra-, re-, ri- , parashtesa n mjaft gjuh neolatine e gjermanike, e n ndonj gjuh tjetr si shqipja, q shprehin prsritjen e nj veprimi.
parashtesa gjermane Er-, q sht shkurtim i parashtess s gjermanishtes ver-, q i prgjigjet parashtess shqipe pr, e q vijn nga pjesorja shqipe br.
-er, prapashtes n anglisht, gjermanisht, frngjisht, e n ndonj gjuh tjetr, q shrben pr t formuar emra, shkalln krahasuese t mbiemrit etj..
Shnim:
SHISH-i na ka mrzitur edhe sot me zhurmat e tija, por kemi besim se do ta mundim nj dit, mjaft q njerzit t msojn kto gjra t thjeshta q un kam koh q po ua them dhe juve. shih emailin e dt. 17/04/09
Etimologji: nje faqe interesante e nje etimologu gjerman II Faqja e Heinrich Tischner per etimologjine e fjaleve ne gjuhen shqipe:
Etymologie
Sprachen
Albanisch
http://www.heinrich-tischner.de/22-sp/2wo/sprachen/noah/japhet/aegaeis/alban.htm shih emailin e dt. 17/04/09
Etimologji: nje faqe interesante e nje etimologu gjerman Shih
http://www.heinrich-tischner.de/22-sp/2wo/wort/idg/deutsch/a-h/glocke.htm
http://www.heinrich-tischner.de/22-sp/2wo/etymol.htm shih emailin e dt. 17/04/09
Etimologji: gr. , lat. anti, sanskr. nti = lat. contra Parafjalt gr. , lat. anti, sanskr. nti = lat. contra
anti = contra
an, au, ai = con, co c + o, au, ai
ti - trajt e vargut shqip t foljes them
tra - trajt e vargut shqip t foljes thrras
M 29 dhjetor 2008 ne ju kemi shkruar se
Etimologji: wi, ai = con, sun, yll dhe ger. wider = contra- ne mjaft gjuhe
wi, ai = con, sun, yll dhe ger. wider = contra- ne mjaft gjuhe
Shih
wider edhe te Widerspruch = contra edhe te contradiction shih emailin e dt.
Etimologji. angl. solemn solemn < sole + mn, men, vjen
sole < so + le shih emailin e dt. 17/04/09
Etimologji: historia e anglishtes moderne II - paradoksi i dialekteve te anglishtes Si rregull, ne histori thuhet se ka ndodhur qe nga disa dialekte te nje gjuhe te linde nje gjuhe letrare. Ne anglisht ka ndodhur e kunderta. Nga nje gjuhe letrare, nga gjuha e Shekspirit gjate 500 vjeteve te fundit kane lindur dialekte ?!
http://www.enjoywords.com/
English as a World Language
English is the second or third most popular world language, as measured by the number of native speakers, which was around 402 million in 2002. It is also the most popular second language in the world, as the cultural, economic, military, political and scientific importance of the United States of America and the United Kingdom for the last two centuries has given English pre-eminent status as a language of international communication. With such a wide geographical distribution and because of its use in academia and other specialized contexts, numerous distinct varieties and special jargons have emerged.
English is the first language of a large majority of the population in the United States of America, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (including England, Scotland and Wales), Ireland (Eire), Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Guyana, Jamaica, Antigua, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Trinidad and Tobago. There are also significant numbers of native speakers in South Africa, India, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
English is also one of the primary languages of Belize (with Spanish), Cameroon (with French and African languages), Dominica, St. Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (with French Creole), the Federated States of Micronesia, and Liberia (with African languages).
It is an official language, but not native to large segments of the population, in Fiji, Ghana, Gambia, Kiribati, Lesotho, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, Malta, the Marshall Islands, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is the most commonly used unofficial language of Israel and an increasing number of other countries such as Switzerland, the Netherlands, Norway and Germany.
English is also the language most often studied as a foreign language in Europe (32.6%) and Japan, followed by French, German and Spanish.
Varieties and Dialects
Because of the history and sheer number of people who use English, there are many different varieties of English. A variety can be thought of as a distinctive kind of English, or more technically, a specific linguistic system shared by a particular pool of users. There are no sharp dividing lines between varieties, since people typically master more than one variety. Nevertheless, varieties can be described in terms of the group who most uses a particular variety and the linguistic properties of that variety. Varieties can be identified in this way by geographical groups, social groups, or particular stylistic or usage types.
A dialect is a variety of a language spoken in a certain geographical area. Because of the wide distribution of English speakers, a number of distinct dialects have emerged over the course of history. These include American English, Australian English, British English, Canadian English, South African English, Caribbean English, Indian English, Jamaican English, Liberian English, New Zealand English, Pakistani English, and Singapore English among others. shih emailin e dt. 16/04/09
Etimologji: historia e anglishtes moderne II Colonization of new territories by the newly united Kingdom of Great Britain spread English to the far corners of the globe and brought cargoes of still more loanwords from those far-flung places. At this point English began to develop its major world dialectal varieties, some of which would develop into national standards for newly independent colonies. By the 21st century, as the language of international business, science, and popular culture, English has become the most important language on the planet.
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/history/index.html
Perse dialekte dhe varietete dialektesh te anglishtes u zhvilluan pertej detit vetem pas kolonizimit te territoreve te reja? shih emailin e dt. 16/04/09
William Caxton set up the first printing press in Britain at the end of the 15th century. The arrival of printing marks the point at which the language began to take the first steps toward standardization and its eventual role as a national language. The period from 1500 to about 1650 is called Early Modern English, a period during which notable sound changes, syntactic changes and lexical enrichment took place. The Great English Vowel Shift, which systematically shifted the phonetic values of all the long vowels in English, occurred during this period. Word order became more fixed in a subject-verb-object pattern, and English developed a complex auxiliary verb system. A rush of new vocabulary from the classical languages, the modern European languages, and more distant trading partners such as the countries of Asian minor and the Middle East entered the language as the renaissance influences of culture and trade and the emerging scientific community of Europe took root in England.
Shakespeare wrote prolifically during the late 1500s and early 1600s and, like Chaucer, took the language into new and creative literary territory. His influence on English drama and poetry continued to grow after his death in 1616 and he has never been surpassed as the best known and most read poet/playwright of modern English.
The King James Bible was published in 1611, the culmination of at least a century of efforts to bring a Bible written in the native language of the people into the Church establishment and into people's homes. Among the common people, whose contact with literature often did not go far past the Bible, the language of the scriptures as presented in this version commissioned by King James I was deeply influential, due in part to its religious significance, but also to its literary quality. Its simple style and use of native vocabulary had a surpassing beauty that still resonates today.
By the 1700s almost all of the modern syntactic patterns of English were in place and the language is easily readable by modern speakers.
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/history/index.html shih emailin e dt. 16-04/09
Etimologjia: historiku i neologjizmave greke - neologjizma qe fillojne me shkronjen A , B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K dhe L Etimologjia: historiku i neologjizmave greke
Lista e mposhtme pretendohet se sht nj list e cognates greke n anglisht. Kjo ssht aspak e vrtet. Shumica e ktyre fjalve nuk sht krijuar nga dijetar greke, por nga dijetar perndimor, q jan marr me fusha prkatse t dituris. Kjo sht nj dshmi tjetr se greqishtja nuk ka ekzistuar para vitit 1500. Fjalt e regjistruara para ksaj kohe jan t gjitha t rreme, ka don t thot se ato s'mund t jen shkruar as n greqisht e as n gjuht e tjera para shekullit t 16-t. Kshtu, kto fjal duke mos qen krijuar nga grekrit nuk mund t konsiderohen fjal me burim grek. Sa pr rrnjt nga vijn kto fjal, ato jan pseudo-rrnj, q vijn nga Rrnjt e Kodit t Shqipes. S'duhet t na shptoje nga vmendja fakti se t gjitha huazimet greke n gjuh t tjera jan terma shkencore, terma shum t von po t krahasohen kto me kohn kur pretendohet se kemi patur nj Greqi t Lasht dhe Dijetar greke. Bhet fjal pr nj vones prej 1800 - 1900 vjetsh nga koha kur pretendohet se kan ekzistuar Arkimedi dhe Euklidi. Disa prej ktyre termave Etymonline as guxon t'u prmend vitin e krijimit. Ktij fjalori i mungon dhe nj tregues i rndsishm sic sht ai i autorit q e ka farkuar termin n fjal, gj q do ta zhvishte krejt termin nga autorsia greke.
Si ka mundsi q n shekullin e 16-t n Perndim shfaqen grekr, t cilt sjellin "diturin" nga Konstandinopoja, dhe m pas ata zhduken nga faqja e dheut? Prse kta grekr nuk marrin pjese aspak n historin e shkencs s Perndimit nga shekulli i 16-t deri n mesin e shekullit t XIX? Asnj prej ktyre grekrve ne nuk e shohim n rradht e Jezuitve q prhapin Dijen e Perndimit dhe ngren universitete n t gjitha ant e bots. Kush mund t ishte m i aft se kta (pseudo)grekr pr t prhapur dijen e tyre?
Prse fjalort e pare, q u shkruan n t gjitha gjuht e bots, nuk prmbajn greqishten si gjuhe t dyt?
Si mund t'i quajm greke kto fjal t mposhtme kur ato jan krijuar dhe prdorur pr here t pare nga perndimor dhe jan regjistruar pr here t pare n tekste latine, gjermane, angleze dhe franceze? Kto nuk jan fjal greke, kto jan neologjizma, q jan krijuar nga evropiane dhe jo grekr, duke u bazuar n pseudo-rrnj greke, q vijn vetm nga Rrnjt e Kodit t Shqipes!
Perse kto fjal u krijuan duke marr pr baz pseudo-rrnjt e greqishtes? Edhe kjo ka shpjegimin e vet. Mass se madhe t njerzve, atyre q nuk dine dhe s'ka pse t dine prejardhjen e fjalve, u krijohet idea e gabuar e madhshtis se pamerituar t nj race, q s'ka ekzistuar kurr para shekullit t XIX t ers tone, e till sic sht raca greke.
Po ta zgjerojm kt studim edhe me kohn kur kto neologjizma jan shfaqur n gjuhe t tjera, prve frngjishtes e cila ka marr mbi vete barren m t rend dhe m t turpshme t fallsifikimeve t kryera n shkalle botrore, pra, po t marrim kohn se kur kan hyre kto neologjizma n gjuhe si ato sllave, semitike, t Lindjes se largme e kshtu me rradhe, athere do t na dale n drit t diellit Megamashtrimi i Monarko - Fashistve n fushe t Gjuhve dhe Historis se tyre, athere ne do t na shfaqet qart Krimi i Monarko - Fashistve n t gjitha fushat e Dijes. Athere ne do t fillojm t pyesim prse kto Shmtira, nj grusht i vogl Shmtirash, e kan br kt gjm, athere ne do t arrijm t kuptojm fatin e zi t shqiptareve dhe t shum shqiptareve si un.
Edhe dika tjetr. Pr shum fjal, t cilat pretendohen se jan krijuar para shekullit t 16-t nuk jepen autort dhe tekstet nga sht marr. Kur kta autore jan njohur pr here t par nga literatura perndimore (pasi ata nuk mund t jen t panjohur kur "tekstet" para shekullit t 16-t numrohen me gishta, cili sht ai autor i shekullit t 16-t e m pas, q e prmend n veprn e tij, dhe kur sht botuar teksti i autorit t dyt q prmend autorin apo tekstin ku fjala, q studjohet, del pr her t pare?
A
academy, v. 1474
achronous ?
acoustic, v. 1605
acropolis, v. 1662
aerodynamic, ?
agamic, ?
agamogenesis ?
agape, v. 1607
agonize, v. 1583
aclinic ?
acne, v. 1835
acoustic, v. 1605
aesthetics, ?
aesthetition, ?
aerospace, v. 1958
agnostic, v. 1870
agony, v. 1382. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
agora, ?
agoraphobia, 1873
allegory, v. 1382. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
allergy, v. 1911
alpha, ?
aluminum, v. 1812, coined by Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829),
amphictyony, ?
amphora, v. 1323. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
anachronism, v. 1646
analysis, v. 1581
analyze, ?
angel, shek. 14. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
angioplasty, ?
anomy, v. 1591
anorexia, v. 1598
anthropology, v. 1593
apocalypse, v. 1384. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
apocalyptic, ?
apogee, v. 1594
apologetic, ?
apologize, v. 1725
apology, v. 1533
apoplexy, v. 1386. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
apostate, v. 1340. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
apostolic, ?
apostrophe, 1588
apothecary, v. 1366. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
apothegm, v. 1533
apotheosis, v. 1605
archaeology, v. 1607
archangel, v. 1175. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
architect, v. 1563
archon, v. 1659
argon, v. 1894
aristocracy, v. 1561
arithmetic, v. 1250. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
aroma, v. 1220. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
aromatherapy, ?
aromatic, ?
arsenic, 1386. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
arthritis, v. 1543
asbestos, v. 1387. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
ascetic, v. 1646
asteroid, v. 1802
asthma, v. 1398. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
astigmatism, coined (in form astigmatic) 1849 by English scientist William Whewell (1794-1866)
astrology, v. 1375
astronomer?
asylum, v. 1430
atheism, ?
atheist, v. 1571
atherosclerosis, ?
athlete, 1528
athletic, ?
atom, 1477
atomic, v. 1678
authentic, v. 1340. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
auto, ?
automatic, v. 1748
autonomous, ?
autonomy, v 1623
autopsy, 1651
axiom, v. 1485
B
bacteria, v. 1847, introduced as a scientific word 1838 by ger. naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795-1876).
barium, v. 1808
basic, v. 1842
beta, ?
biblical, v. 1880 - 1890 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
bibliography, v. 1678
bibliotheca, v. 182025 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
biology, Suggested 1802 by Ger. naturalist G. Reinhold Treviranus and introduced as a scientific term that year in Fr. by Lamarck.
bios, v. 194550 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
C
cacophony, v. 1656
cadmium, v. 181525 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
cardiac, v. 1601
catalysis, v. 164555 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
catastrophe, v. 1540
chaos, v. 1440
characteristic, v. 165565 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
chlorine, v. coined 1810 by Sir Humphry Davy
chromium, v. 180010 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
chronic, v. 1601
chronogram, 161525 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
chronology, v. 1593
chrysostomous, ?
clinical, v. 177080 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
comedy, v. 1374. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
cosmopolis, v. 189095 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
cosmopolitan, v. 1844
critical, v. 158090 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
D
decagon, v. 156575 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
decameter, v. 180010 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
delta, v. 1200. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
democracy, v. 1574
demon, v. 1387. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
diagnosis, v. 1681
diagonal, 1541
diagram, 1619
dialect, v. 1577
dialogue, v. 1225. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
dialysis, v. 1586
diameter, v. 1387. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
diaphanous, 1617
didymous, v. 178595 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
dilemma, v. 1523
diabolic, v. 1399. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
diachronic, v. 192530 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
diakinisis, ?
diamond, 1310. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
diaphony, ?
diaphonos, ?
diastasis, v. 173545 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
diathesis, v. 164555 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
dogma, v. 1541
dogmatic, v. 15951605 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
doxology, v. 1649
drama, v. 1515
dramatic, v. 158090 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
dynamic, v. 1817
dyslexia, v. 1887
E
eccentric, v. 1398.Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
ecclesia, v. 157080 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
ecclesiastic, v. 1483
eclipse, v. 1280. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
economic, v. 158595 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
economy, v. 1530
ecumenical, v. 1570
elastic, v. 1653
electric, 1646, first used in Eng. by Eng. physician Sir Thomas Browne (1605-1682), coined in Mod.L. by Eng. physicist William Gilbert (1540-1603) in treatise "De Magnete" (1600),
electrolysis, v. 1834
electron, v. 1891
elephant, v. 1308. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
ellipses, v. 1656
emphasis, v. 1573
emphasize, v. 182030 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
encephalic, v. 182535
encephalon, v.173545 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
endocarditis, v. 183040 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
endocardium, v. 187075 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
endodermis, v. 188085 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
endometriosis, v. 192025 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
energy, v. 1599
enthusiasm, v. 1603
ephemeral, v.157080 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
epidermis, v. 1626
epigram, v. 1538
epileptic, v. 160010 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
epilog, v. 13751425 (Dictionary.com Unabridged) Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
epiphany, v. 1310. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
episode, v. 1678
epitome, v. 1528
epoch, v. 1614
eponym, v. 184050 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
epsilon, ?
ergon, ?
ergonomics, v. 1950
esophagus, v. 1392. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
ethnic, c. 1375. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
ethos, v. revived (?!) by Palgrave in 1851
eugenic, v. 188085 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
eulogize, v.180010 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
euphoric, v. 188085 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
Europe, ?
evangelic, v. 152535 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
exelixis, ?
F
fantastic, v. 1387. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
fantasy, 1325. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
G
gamma, v. 1400.Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
gastronomic, v. 180515 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
geography, v. 1542
geometry, v. 1330. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
grammatical, 152030 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
gymnasium, v. 1598
gymnastics, 164555 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
H
harmonization, v. 147585 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
harmonize, v. 147585 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
harmony, v. 1384 shikoni vete ndryshim ne data mes nje emri dhe nje folje me rrenje te njejte, nje shekull!
helium, v. 1868, coined by Eng. astronomer Sir Joseph N. Lockyer (1836-1920) and Eng. chemist Sir Edward Frankland (1825-99).
Hellenic, v. 1644
heptagon, v. 1570
heptathlon, v. 198590 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
hero, v. 1387. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
heroic, 154050 (Dictionary.com Unabridged). Emri del me 1387 ndersa mbiemri me 1540-en, nje shaka e vertete.
heterogeneous, v. 1624
heterosexual, v. 1892
hexagon, v. 1570
hierarchy, v. 1343. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
history, v. 1390. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
homeopathy, v. 1830
homogeneous, v. 1641
homologous, v. 1660
homonym, v. 1621
homosexual, 1892, in C.G. Chaddock's translation of Krafft-Ebing's "Psychopathia Sexualis"
horizon, v. 1347. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
hormone, v. 1905
horoscope, v. 1050. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
horticulture, 1678
hyacinth, v. 1553
hydraulic, v. 1606
hydrocephalus, v. 166070 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
hydrogen, coined 1787 by G. de Morveau
hydrolysis, v. 1880
hydrophobi, v. 1392 sipas etymonline dhe v. 154050 sipas Dictionary.com Unabridged
hydroplane, v. 1904
hydropower, v. 193035 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
hydrotherapy, v. 187580 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
hyena, v. 1340 Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
hygiene, v. 1671
hymn, v. 1000. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
hyperbola, v. 1668
hyperbolic, v. 164050 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
hypnosis, v. 1876
hypnotize, v. 1843 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
hypochondria, v. 1839 sipas etymonline, 16901700 sipas Dictionary.com Unabridged
hypocrisy, v. 1225. Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
hypocrite, v. 11751225 (Dictionary.com Unabridged). Sigurisht kemi t bjm me nj fallsifikim, dhe nj vepr t fallsifikuar si ajo ku prmendet kjo fjal. Vet shfaqja e rrall e datave t ktilla dhe para mbrritjes s pseudo-grekrve nga Konstandinopoja m 1453-in sht tregues i gnjeshtrs n fjal.
hypodermic, v. 1863
hypotenuse, 1571
hypothecate, v. 167585 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
hypothesis, v. 1596
hypothetical, v. 158090 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
hysteria, v. 17951805 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
I
Idea, v. 1430 figur, 1645 me kuptimin rezultat i mendimit
Idiom, v. 1588
Idiomatic, v, 1712
Idiosyncrasy, v. 1604
Idiot, v. 1300 ?!
Iota, v. 1636
K
Kappa, ?
Karyoplasms, v. 188590 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
Karyotype, v. 192530 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
Kilometre, ?
Kinetic, v. 1864
Krypton, inert gaseous element, " 1898, coined by its discoverers (Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers).
L
Lexicon, v. 1603
Lithium, v. 1818, coined in Mod.L. by Swed. chemist Jns Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848)
Lithography, v. 1813
Lithology, v. 171020 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
Logic, v. 1362 ? me kuptimin dege e filozofis, v. 1601 si argumentim logjik.
Logical, v. 14901500 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
Logion, v. 158090 (Dictionary.com Unabridged)
Logistics, v. 1879
Shnim: Sic del nga lista e msiprme vetm dy tre neologjizma jan krijuar n shek. e XVIII. .
saze long-necked lute family (tanbur, saz, baglama, setar etc). http://www.oud.eclipse.co.uk/history.html
See also:
pandura = tanbur topos = posto tanboura, tanbur, tambora, mandore, pandore, bandora, bandoer, &c.), http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PAI_PAS/PANDURA.html http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/LUP_MAL/LUTE_Arabic_alud_the_wood_Fr_lu.html
Terma dhe akronime tw krijuara nga C.A Doxiadis (urbanist dhe arkitect)
Anthroparea
Anthropocosmos
Cultivarea
Dynapolis
Ekistics
Entopia
Eperopolis
Hustreet (husquare, hu-avenue, etc.)
LANWAIR
Mecstreet (mecsystem, mecarea, etc.)
Prethede
http://www.doxiadis.org/files/pdf/GLOSSARY-ad.pdf
utopia, first used by Sir Thomas More for an imaginary and ideal country in his book Utopia, http://www.doxiadis.org/files/pdf/GLOSSARY-ad.pdf
varnish, polish nail varnish = nail polish
inclure = insrer includere = inserire
appendere, appiccare,
appicare, ficcare = fissare
shih impicarre
shih
appendere, sospendere
appendere dhe puntare
nail
ger. Nagel = angl. nail
nail
Cognate with Dutch nagel, German Nagel, Swedish nagel; Greek , Latin unguis,
njelloj si
angl. frail = fr. dhe it. fragile
cut, clip
fr. = clou de girofle, angl. = clove, spanj. = clavo, it. = chiodo di garofano
Etimologji: farkimi i termave, fjaleve, akronimeve nga shkencetare dhe dijetare te fushave te ndryshme nder vite Nje pune pergatitore, qe lehteson shume punen e etimologjise eshte evidentimi i shume e shume termave, fjaleve, akronimeve shkencore te kryera nga shkencetare, dijetare te fushave te ndryshme te dijes si dhe baballaret e gjuheve evropiane si Rabelais, Shekspiri, Pushkini etj. nder vite. Evidentimi tyre ne nje fjalor te vecante do ta bente edhe me te kuptueshme se pa keto krijime asnje gjuhe e re apo e vjeter s'mund te qendroje ne kembe. Ky eshte nje proces qe ka filluar ne shekullin e 16-te e qe vazhdon dhe sot e kesaj dite. Ja dy - tre shembuj te tille:
Chromatography, In 1906 the Russian Scientist Tswett coined the term chromatography from the Greek words color and to write.
http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/8883.html Invertebrates , The word "invertebrates" did not even exist at the time; Lamarck coined it
http://www.termpaperslab.com/term-papers/41836.html?utm_source=antiessays&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=advertising
http://www.antiessays.com/search_results.php?query=coined Melodrama is a term coined in 1789
http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/21153.html Prehistory, a term coined by 19th ??" century French scholars, covers past human life from of writing ??"
http://www.termpaperslab.com/term-papers/188385.html?utm_source=antiessays&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=advertising http://www.antiessays.com/search_results.php?query=coined Radioactive, a term she herself had coined (Marie Curie)
http://www.termpaperslab.com/term-papers/34861.html?utm_source=antiessays&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=advertising
http://www.antiessays.com/search_results.php?query=coined shih emailin e dt. 16/04/09
Etimologji: fjalori i fjaleve te farkuara ne anglisht nga Shekspiri - A (Online) Fjalori i Shekspirit online
http://www.william-shakespeare.info/william-shakespeare-dictionary-a.htm
ABATE
to shorten, to cast down, to blunt
ABATEMENT
diminution
ABHOR
protest; disgust
ABIDE
to sojourn to expiate
ABRIDGEMENT
a short play
ABROOK
to brook, abide
ABSEY-BOOK
a primer
ABSOLUTE
positive, certain Complete
ABUSE
to deceive, deception
ABY
to expiate a fault
ABYSM
abyss
ACCITE
to cite, summon
ACKNOWN
'to be acknown' is to acknowledge
ACQUITTANCE
a receipt or discharge
ACTURE
action
ADDITION
title, attribute
ADDRESS
to prepare oneself
ADDRESSED
prepared
ADVANCE
to prefer, promote to honour
ADVERTISEMENT
admonition
ADVERTISING
attentive
ADVICE
consideration, discretion
ADVISE
to consider, reflect
ADVISED
considerate
ADVOCATION
pleading, advocacy
AFEARED
afraid
AFFECT
to love
AFFY
to affiance To trust
AFRONT
in front
AGAZED
looking in amazement
AGLET-BABY
the small figure engraved on a jewel
AGNISE
to acknowledge, confess
A-GOOD
a good deal, plenteously
A-HOLD
a sea-term
AIERIE
the nest of a bird of prey
AIM
a guess
ALDER-LIEFEST
most loved of all
ALE
alehouse
ALLOW
to approve
ALLOWANCE
approval
AMES-ACE
two aces, the lowest throw of the dice
AMORT
dead, dejected
AN
if
ANCHOR
an anchorite, hermit
ANCIENT
an ensign-bearer
ANGEL
a coin, so called because it bore the image of an angel
ANIGHT
by night
ANSWER
retaliation
ANTHROPOPHAGINIAN
a cannibal
ANTICK
the fool in the old plays
ANTRE
a cave
APPARENT
heir-apparent
APPEAL
accusation, to accuse
APPLE-JOHN
a kind of apple
APPOINTMENT
preparation
APPREHENSION
opinion
APPREHENSIVE
apt to apprehend or understand
APPROBATION
probation
APPROOF
approbation, proof
APPROVE
to prove To justify, make good
APPROVER
one who proves or tries
ARCH
chief
ARGAL
a ridiculous word intended for the Latin ergo
ARGENTINE
silver
ARGIER
Algiers
ARGOSY
originally a vessel of Ragusa or Ragosa, a Ragosine; hence any ship of burden
ARGUMENT
subject
ARMIGERO
a mistake for Armiger, the Latin for Esquire
AROINT
found only in the imperative mood, get thee gone
A-ROW
in a row
ARTICULATE
to enter into articles of agreement to exhibit in articles
ASPECT
regard, looks
ASPERSION
sprinkling; hence blessing, because before the Reformation benediction was
generally accompanied by the sprinkling of holy water
ASSAY
to attempt, test, make proof of
ASSINEGO
an ass
ASSUBJUGATE
to subjugate
ASSURANCE
deed of assurance
ASSURED
betrothed
ATOMY
an atom Used in contempt of a small person
ATONE
to put people at one, to reconcile to agree
ATTACH
to seize, lay hold on
ATTASKED
taken to task, reprehended
ATTENT
attentive
ATTORNEY
to employ as an agent To perform by an agent
AUDACIOUS
spirited, daring, but without any note of blame attached to it
AUGUR
augury
AUTHENTIC
clothed with authority
AVE
the Latin for hail; hence acclamation
AVE-MARY
the angelic salutation addressed to the Blessed Virgin Mary
AVERRING
confirming
AVOID
get rid of
AWFUL
worshipful
AWKWARD
contrary
shih emailin e dt. 16/04/09
Etimologji: fjalori i fjaleve te farkuara ne anglisht nga Shekspiri (Online) William Shakespeare Online Dictionary
Words, Language, Meanings, Origins & Dictionary
The Shakespeare language used in the works of the Bard is rich and colourful, but many of his odd words are no longer in current use or in the modern dictionary and the origins meanings of the Elizabethan vocabulary are totally unfamiliar. William Shakespeare's works sometimes appears to have a language of its own. Indeed, William Shakespeare did in fact invent many of the words that he used and these are documented in the William Shakespeare dictionary - inventing new words to the English language seems to be a definite objective for Shakespear! The words coined by Shakespeare are explained with their full origins and meanings. We have therefore included a free, online Shakespearean Dictionary for most of his expressions which are obscure or even obsolete in modern language or in a modern Dictionary. The online Shakespeare Dictionary includes all of the words coined by Shakespeare words together with their origins and meanings. See how many phrases and words in the free, online Shakespearean Dictionary are new to you and what the definition of their meanings and their origins are - it makes the language of the Great Bard much easier to understand. Use of Elizabethan / Shakespearean Words & Vocabulary
Shakespeare translations and understanding the real meanings behind some of the Shakespeare language in the great plays and sonnets can be difficult. And this is hardly surprising when the expressions and their meanings have been obsolete since the Elizabethan era!
Make a note of any unusual Shakespearean words that you encounter whilst reading the works in the language coined by William Shakespeare and then check the meaning of the Shakespearean vocabulary in the online Shakespearean Dictionary by clicking on the appropriate letter of the alphabet. Just glancing at the Shakespearean meanings detailed in our free, online Elizabethan Dictionary is very interesting - the meanings will help anyone studying the Bard's works. The Elizabethan Vocabulary and Language of a Literary Genius
He was not born to the nobility and his Elizabethan education was quite basic as he left school at the age of 13 and never attended University. Neither of his parents could read or write - a dictionary was not that important during the era ! Yet his vocabulary was massive for a man of his background. A total of 15, 000 different words were used in his plays and a further 7000 were used in his poems and sonnets. This gave him a vocabulary of 21, 000 words when the average vocabulary of the day in Stratford, England, was less than 500. No wonder we need an online Shakespearean Dictionary ! Even by today's standards, the most celebrated authors do not exceed an average of 7500 words (The poet, John Milton was an exception and his totalled about 8000) and the average English speaking person only has about 2, 000 words in their vocabulary. For a person with a University degree this range in vocabulary would rise to about 3000 to 4000. It is therefore no wonder that he is referred to as an Elizabethan Literary Genius and why we have included a free, online Elizabethan / Shakespearean Dictionary featuring the vocabulary coined by the Bard on this section of the site. Interpreting Elizabethan / Shakespearean Manuscripts and Original Documents Vital, but little known, information about the Elizabethan alphabet is essential when looking at copies of original manuscripts of the period - examples of which can be found in Shakespeare's ' First Folio '. Learning the alphabet used during the Elizabethan era will no doubt clarify many questions that the differences of the Elizabethan alphabet have raised such as "Couldn't Elizabethans spell properly?" and "Why is there so much confusion with the letters 'u' and 'v' and 'i' and 'j' ?Shakespeare translations and understanding the real meanings behind some of the Shakespeare language in the great plays and sonnets can be difficult. And this is hardly surprising when the expressions and their meanings have been obsolete since the Elizabethan era!
http://www.william-shakespeare.info/william-shakespeare-dictionary.htm shih emailin e dt. 165/04/09
Etimologji: arabishtja Al 'ud < anglishtja wood [lexohet ud] Lute, anglisht, vjen thon nga arabishtja al'ud, q don t thot angl. wood
http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/LUP_MAL/LUTE_Arabic_alud_the_wood_Fr_lu.html
Etimologt monarko - fashist tallen paturpsisht me t gjith njerzit. Besoj se ju kujtohet sesi mjaft fjale japoneze jan thjesht transkriptime te shqiptimeve t fjalve angleze, si p.sh. first > faasuto, hearts > haatsu.
Edhe arabishtja 'Al 'ud' sht nj rast i till. Po t veojm nyjen shquese arabe al mbetet arabishtja ud, q don t thot as m pak e as m shum angl. wood [ud]. Kush e ka marr fjaln wood, ud, anglishtja nga arabishtja apo arabishtja nga anglishtja? Arabishtja sht gjuh m e vjetr se anglishtja, e megjithat, arabishtja sht ajo q e ka huazuar fjaln ud nga anglishtja. Kto marrzi dhe t tilla maskarrallqe prmban Gjuhsia Monarko - Fashiste.
Pr tju shkruar kto pak rreshta ne duhet t durojm qilizmat mbi tavan t komshinjve Shkmbi. S shpejti Shkmbinjt do t ulen dhe n parlament, ata kan hyr n partin e Milos. shih emailin e dt. 16/04/09
Appendice al saggio de Grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese nga Dhimiter Kamarda (lexime ne Internet) Shih te
http://books.google.com/books?id=syYTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR29&lpg=PR29&dq=arberesci&source=bl&ots=MtLlKaLjwe&sig=8NyJ6Dj-D2bR-CMZGN9qEYKwfqk&hl=en&ei=Tu_lSbCHCIWGtgedwbimDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10#PPP1, M1 shih emailin e dt. 15/04/09
Etimologji: English-German Cognates (fjale qe fillojne me shkronjen C) http://german.about.com/library/blcognates_C.htm English-German Cognates
Genuine Cognates C
C
NOTE: Many c-words in English are k-words in German. The C and CH words in English usually reflect the c/ch-k shift in German. See Cognate Sound Shifts for more.
cabaret s Kabarett cabinet s Kabinett cable s Kabel cadet r Kadett cadre r Kader caf s Caf Cairo s Kairo calendar r Kalender calorie(s) e Kalorie(n) camel s Kamel camera e Kamera Canada s Kanada candidate r Kandidat cannibal r Kannibale cannon e Kanone cape s Kap (geographic) caravan e Karawane carbuncle r Karbunkel card e Karte cardinal r Kardinal Caribbean e Karibik* Carnival (Mardi Gras) r Karneval carp r Karpfen* carrot e Karotte cassette e Kassette cassette recorder r Kassettenrekorder cat e Katze chapel e Kapelle* charter flight r Charterflug check (bank) r Scheck chemical (adj.) chemisch*
chemical (n.) e Chemikalie*
chemist r Chemiker*
chemistry e Chemie* China s China chocolate e Schokolade cigarette e Zigarette clown r Clown club r Club (pron. KLOOP) cobra e Kobra cocktail r Cocktail
diff. - Cocktail in German can also refer to a cocktail party or reception. coffee r Kaffee coma s Koma comment, commentary r Kommentar communism r Kommunismus
communist r Kommunist compass r Kompass compatible kompatibel (tech., lit.) competence e Kompetenz
diff. - Kompetenz in German refers more to "authority" or "jurisdiction."
competent (adj.) kompetent
diff. - Also "authorized" or "having jurisdiction" complex (adj.) komplex
complex (n.) r Komplex complicated kompliziert compromise r Kompromiss computer r Computer concert s Konzert confetti s Konfetti confirmation e Konfirmation (only in religious sense) congress r Kongress
diff. - Kongress in German can also refer to a convention or trade show. continent r Kontinent cool khl
cool! cool! coral e Koralle cork r Kork(en) cost(s) die Kosten (pl.)
(f.c.) e Kost = food, fare countess e Komtess cow e Kuh cowboy r Cowboy creative kreativ credit r Kredit (also means "loan" in German)
credit card e Kreditkarte criminal r Kriminelle
criminal (adj.) kriminell critic r Kritiker
(f.c.) e Kritik = criticism crocodile s Krokodil crocus r Krokus crown e Krone* crucifix s Kruzifix Cuba s Kuba cuckoo r Kuckuck* curve e Kurve shih emailin e dt. 14/04/09
Etimologji: English-German Cognates (fjale qe fillojne me shkronjen B) http://german.about.com/library/blcognates_B.htm English-German Cognates
Genuine Cognates: B
baby s Baby
badminton s Badminton
balcony r Balkon
Balkans, the r Balkan
ball r Ball
ballet s Ballett (from French)
balloon r Ballon
banana e Banane
band e Band (music)
r Band (diff.) volume (book)
s Band (diff.) ribbon, tape
bank e Bank
e Bank (diff.) bench
barometer s Barometer
bath s Bad* > Consonant Sound Shifts (d-th)
battery e Batterie
bear r Br
bed s Bett* > Consonant Sound Shifts (tt-d)
bee e Biene > Vowel Sound Shifts (ie-ee)
beep r Piep (also "peep" in English)
beer s Bier > Vowel Sound Shifts (ie-ee)
benzene s Benzol (s Benzin) NOTE: Benzene is an ingredient in gasoline; Benzin = gasoline
Bible e Bibel
bikini r Bikini
billiards e Billard
bitter bitter
blind blind (pron. BLINT)
blinken blinken (flash, turn signal)
blinker r Blinker (turn signal)
blitzkrieg r Blitzkrieg**
blizzard r Blizzard
bloc/block r Block
(diff.) Block in German can have several meanings: bar (soap), bulk, (note) pad, etc., but not a city block.
blockade e Blockade
blond(e) blond
blood s Blut > Vowel Sound Shifts (u-oo)
blouse e Bluse*
blue blau*
blue jeans die Bluejeans (pl.)
board > on board an Bord (pron. on BORT)
boat s Boot* (pron. BOAT)
book s Buch*
born (p.p.) geboren*
boulevard r Boulevard (from French)
boxer r Boxer (dog and fighter)
brackish brackig (water)
bratwurst e Bratwurst**
Brazil s Brasil
bread s Brot*
broccoli die Brokkoli (pl.)
buffet s Buffet/s Bffet
bungalow r Bungalow
bus r Bus (pron. BOOCE)
butter e Butter
buzzard r Bussard shih emailin e dt. 14/04/09Etimologji: English-German Cognates (fjale qe fillojne me shkronjen A) http://german.about.com/library/blcognates_A.htm
A
accept akzeptieren*
accent r Akzent*
accord r Akkord (diff.) legal accord
accordian s Akkordeon
acrobat r Akrobat
act r Akt (theat.) - Caution! Also a false cognate!
active aktiv
acute akut
adapter r Adapter
address e Adresse
Adriatic (Sea) e Adria
Advent r Advent
affair e Affre
Afghanistan s Afghanistan
Africa s Afrika
African adj. afrikanisch
African (person) r Afrikaner/e Afrikanerin
agent r Agent
alarm r Alarm (diff.) warning, alert
alcohol r Alkohol
alcoholic adj. alkoholisch
alcoholism r Alkoholismus
alcove r Alkoven
algebra e Algebra
all all, alle
allergic allergisch*
allergy e Allergie
allegorical allegorisch*
allegory e Allegorie
alms s Almosen*
alone allein*
alpaca s Alpaka
alphabet s Alphabet (das Abc)
alphabetic alphabetisch
Alps, the e Alpen*
altar s Altar
aluminum Am
aluminium Br s Aluminium
amateur r Amateur
Amazon (river) r Amazonas*
Amazon (woman) e Amazone
America s Amerika
American f. e Amerikanerin
American m. r Amerikaner
analog adj. analog
analysis n. e Analyse
analytical adj. analytisch
anarchy e Anarchie
anchor r Anker*
angel r Engel*
angst e Angst**
antenna e Antenne
antique e Antiquitt
e Antike (f.c.) antiquity > False Cognates
ape, monkey r Affe*
apple r Apfel*
April r April
aquarium s Aquarium
Arab/Arabian r Araber
Arabia s Arabien
architect r Architekt
arm r Arm
arm (adj.) poor > False Cognates
army e Armee (pron. ar-MAY)
arsenic s Arsenik
artist r Artist (diff.) performer, artiste (not "artist")
e Art (f.c.) type, kind > False Cognates
ash(es) e Asche
Asia s Asien*
astronaut r Astronaut
athlete r Athlet
atlas r Atlas
Australia s Australien
avocado e Avocado
shih emailin e dt. 14/04/09
Etimologji: Sound/Spelling Consonant Shifts - Zhvendosje e tinujve (Shenime nga interneti) Sado te percipta qe jane keto shpjegime, ato sherbejne per t'iu afruar edhe me shume kuptimit te Kodit te Shqipes dhe te gjitha rregullave, te ashtuquajtura ligje fonetike, qe rrjedhin vetem prej tij.
http://german.about.com/library/blcognates_shiftC.
English-German Cognates
English-German Consonant Sound Shifts
Consonant Sound Shift Chart
The German linguist August Schleicher (1821-1868) developed the Stammbaumtheorie (family tree theory) that explains how words can be traced from one language to another, or within language families. Both the English word "father" and the German word "Vater" are related to Latin "pater." Earlier, in 1822 another German, Jakob Grimm (1785-1863, one of the "fairy tale" brothers), proposed Grimm's law to explain the various sound shifts between languages. He pointed out that words beginning with p in Latin and Greek (pater) start with f or v in Germanic languages (English father, German Vater). Understanding the f-v shift and other sound shifts between English and German can help you recognize cognates and expand your vocabulary. The chart below shows various consonant sound shifts between German and English with example words.
Sound/Spelling Consonant Shifts
Between German and English Cognates
Deutsch
English Beispiele/Examplesb f Dieb thief, halb - half
b v eben - even, Grab grave, sieben - seven
ch k Buch book, Elch elk, schwach weak, sprechen - speak
ch gh acht eight, lachen laugh, Licht light, Fracht - freight
d th Bad - bath , drei three, Erde - earth , Leder - leather
f p Bischof bishop, helfen help, scharf - sharp
ff p/pp Affe ape, Pfeffer pepper, Schiff - ship
g y Tag day, Weg - way
k c Karte card, Keller - celler
k ch Kapelle chapel, Kinn - chin
mm mb Lamm lamb, Nummer - number
pf p/pp Apfel apple, Pfad path, Pfanne - pan
sch s/sh falsch false, Fleisch flesh, Schnee - snow
ss t/tt besser better, dass that, essen eat, Wasser - water
t/th d Taler/Thaler - dollar, vorwrts forward, Wort - word
t/tt d Bett bed, gut good, reiten ride, Tr - door
tt th Mutter mother, Wetter - weather
v f Vater - father , vier four, voll full, Volk - folk
z/tz t Herz heart, zehn ten, zwei two, Katze - cat
z c Eleganz elegance, zirka circa, Zirkus - circus
shih emailin e dt. 14/04/09f-ja e famshme gjermane Pfad", "Pfennig", "Pfingsten" and "Pforzheim Pfingsten = angl. Whitsun, Pentecost Pfrtnerloge = porter's office, doorman's office office = loge
room dhe roam
Flight into London Heathrow from Cork, Ireland
17 Mar 2010 at 1:03am
Next page: Flights To Galway Ireland
Bookmark/Share This Page:
|
|
|
|
Flights London Cork News
First Hour: Presented by Rachael English and Cathal Mac Coille
9 Feb 2012 at 6:00am Rehiring of retired staff can make sense - Finance Bill uses tax measures to encourage growth and jobs - The investor who's betting on Ireland's recovery - A day of two halves in English football - Greencore news - Community Employment SchemesRead more...
First Hour: Presented by Rachael English and Gavin Jennings
8 Feb 2012 at 6:00am Teenage girl shot dead in Tallaght - Sinn Féin comments on HSE retirements - Alcohol Beverage Federation of Ireland on measures to reduce alcohol misuse - Young Americans tour - latest on SyriaRead more...
Second Hour: Presented by Cathal Mac Coille and Gavin Jennings
24 Jan 2012 at 6:00am Noonan seeks better bailout deal from Draghi - another baby reportedly sick with Pseudomonas - Bill to tackle consumer debt - Man arrested for hit and run of schoolboy - will Ireland get a new technology university - Oscars previewRead more...
First Hour: Presented by Cathal Mac Coille and Gavin Jennings
24 Jan 2012 at 6:00am Eurozone could become "a serious train wreck" - Getting a Bigger Bang for the Buck: pharmaceuticals in Ireland - still questions over Dublin bin collections - the EU, Iran and oil - Michael Noonan holds talks with ECB's Mario DraghiRead more...
First Hour: Presented by Cathal Mac Coille and Christopher McKevitt
20 Jan 2012 at 6:00am Need for Irish referendum fading - Oil spill affects water in River Deel in Limerick ? Is time running out for a Greek debt swap? ? Inability to pay: SIPTU and IBEC debate ? big tech resultsRead more...
