
Business Overview As with its technology, Google has chosen to ignore conventional wisdom in designing its business. The company started with seed money from angel investors and brought together two competing venture capital firms to fund its first equity round. While the dotcom boom exploded around it and competitors spent millions on marketing campaigns to "build brand, " Google focused instead on quietly building a better search engine. The word quickly spread from one satisfied user to another. With superior search technology and a high volume of traffic at its Google.com site, Google's managers identified two initial opportunities for generating revenue: search services and advertising. Google grows and business blooms Over time, these two business lines evolved into complementary networks. Google AdWords advertisers create ads to drive qualified traffic to their sites and generate leads. Google publishing partners deliver those ads targeted to relevant search results powered by Google AdSense. With AdSense, the publisher shares in the revenue generated when readers click on the ads. For sites wishing to have more control over their intranet or site searches, Google developed the Google Search Appliance, a scalable and secure appliance that delivers accurate search results across any number of documents. Google continues to think about ways in which technology can improve upon existing ways of doing business. New areas are explored, ideas prototyped and budding services nurtured to make them more useful to advertisers and publishers. However, no matter how distant Google's business model grows from its origins, the root remains providing useful and relevant information to those who are the most important part of the ecosystem - the millions of individuals around the world who rely on Google search to provide the answers they are seeking. Google designed AdWords for advertisers who want to reach a qualified audience as efficiently as possible. Advertisers select their own target keywords and only pay when customers click on their ads. It's easy to create ad text and manage online advertising accounts with no large upfront payment required. All that's needed is five minutes and a credit card. The ads appear across Google's growing roster of partners, including thousands of sites from America Online to the Washington Post, and are targeted to relevant search and content pages. Google's experienced sales and service team optimize campaigns for our larger advertisers. Our staff of AdWords experts work with advertisers to select the appropriate keywords and generate the matching creative, then carefully monitor the campaign to improve its performance over time by winnowing keywords and rewriting copy based on what is most effective. There's no limit to the number of keywords that an advertiser can select and each keyword can be matched with a different creative execution. Recent advertisers include Amazon, Cisco Systems and Staples. Google provides all of its advertisers with a full complement of reporting services to enable fine tuning of campaigns and real-time intelligence about which components are performing best. Advertisers can further increase efficiencies by targeting their campaigns to specific geographies or languages. Google believes relevant advertising can be as useful as search results or other forms of content. And that advertising can enhance the experience for visitors to a publisher's website, while helping publishers recover some of their investment in creating content of value. Google AdSense combines Google Search technology with our base of keyword advertisers to deliver ads that precisely target search results or the content on a site's pages, no matter how specialized the subject matter. Advertisers, publishers, and information seekers all profit as a result. Signing up for AdSense is easy -- it only takes a few minutes to apply. And our sales team helps customize the program for sites receiving more than 20 million page views a month. - AdSense serves relevant ads on content pages search result and content pages as well as dormant domain pages.Google Search Services enable publishers to provide Google web search on their own pages - results that can be used to generate revenue with the AdSense for Search program The Google Search Appliance, a scalable and secure device that provides Google quality search across an individual website or intranet.
- Google Wireless Services deliver Google search results via PDAs, wireless phones and other mobile devices powered by many of the world's leading wireless service providers.
The Google Culture Though Google has grown a lot since it opened in 1998, we still maintain a small company feel. At lunchtime, almost everyone eats in the office caf, sitting at whatever table has an opening and enjoying conversations with Googlers from different teams. Our commitment to innovation depends on everyone being comfortable sharing ideas and opinions. Every employee is a hands-on contributor, and everyone wears several hats. Because we believe that each Googler is an equally important part of our success, no one hesitates to pose questions directly to Larry or Sergey in our weekly all-hands ("TGIF") meetings - or spike a volleyball across the net at a corporate officer. We are aggressively inclusive in our hiring, and we favor ability over experience. We have offices around the world and dozens of languages are spoken by Google staffers, from Turkish to Telugu. The result is a team that reflects the global audience Google serves. When not at work, Googlers pursue interests from cross-country cycling to wine tasting, from flying to frisbee. As we continue to grow, we are always looking for those who share a commitment to creating search perfection and having a great time doing it. About our offices Our corporate headquarters, fondly nicknamed the Googleplex, is located in Mountain View, California. Today it's one of our many offices around the globe. While our offices are not identical, they tend to share some essential elements. Here are a few things you might see in a Google workspace: - Local expressions of each location, from a mural in Buenos Aires to ski gondolas in Zurich, showcasing each office's region and personality.
- Bicycles or scooters for efficient travel between meetings; dogs; lava lamps; massage chairs; large inflatable balls.
- Googlers sharing cubes, yurts and huddle rooms - and very few solo offices.
- Laptops everywhere - standard issue for mobile coding, email on the go and note-taking.
- Foosball, pool tables, volleyball courts, assorted video games, pianos, ping pong tables, and gyms that offer yoga and dance classes.
- Grassroots employee groups for all interests, like meditation, film, wine tasting and salsa dancing.
- Healthy lunches and dinners for all staff at a variety of cafs.
- Break rooms packed with a variety of snacks and drinks to keep Googlers going.
Google Management Co-founders Larry Page, president of Products, and Sergey Brin, president of Technology, brought Google to life in September 1998. Since then, the company has grown to more than 10, 000 employees worldwide, with a management team that represents some of the most experienced technology professionals in the industry. Eric Schmidt joined Google as chairman and chief executive officer in 2001. Board of Directors Operating Committee - Eric Schmidt, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
- Larry Page, Co-Founder & President, Products
- Sergey Brin, Co-Founder & President, Technology
- Nikesh Arora, President, Global Sales Operations and Business Development
- Laszlo Bock, Vice President, People Operations
- Shona L. Brown, Senior Vice President, Business Operations, Google Inc.
- W. M. Coughran, Jr., Senior Vice President, Engineering
- David C. Drummond, Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer
- Alan Eustace, Senior Vice President, Engineering & Research
- Urs Hlzle, Senior Vice President, Operations & Google Fellow
- Jeff Huber, Senior Vice President, Engineering
- Omid Kordestani, Senior Advisor, Office of the CEO and Founders
- Patrick Pichette, Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
- Jonathan Rosenberg, Senior Vice President, Product Management
- Rachel Whetstone, Vice President, Public Policy and Communications
- Susan Wojcicki, Vice President, Product Management
Key executives by function: Engineering - Vinton G. Cerf, Vice President & Chief Internet Evangelist
- Stuart Feldman, Vice President, Engineering
- Jen Fitzpatrick, Vice President, Engineering
- Ben Fried, Chief Information Officer
- Vic Gundotra, Vice President, Engineering
- Udi Manber, Vice President, Engineering
- Nelson Mattos, Vice President, Engineering, EMEA
- Brian McClendon, Vice President, Engineering
- Cosmos Nicolaou, Vice President, Engineering
- Sridhar Ramaswamy, Vice President, Engineering
- Andy Rubin, Vice President, Engineering
- Alfred Spector, VP of Research and Special Initiatives
- Benjamin Sloss Treynor, Vice President, Engineering
- Linus Upson, Vice President, Engineering
- Jeff Dean, Google Fellow
- Sanjay Ghemawat, Google Fellow
- Amit Singhal, Google Fellow
Products - John Hanke, Vice President, Product Management
- Bradley Horowitz, Vice President, Product Management
- Salar Kamangar, Vice President, Product Management
- Marissa Mayer, Vice President, Search Products & User Experience
- Neal Mohan, Vice President, Product Management
- Sundar Pichai, Vice President, Product Management
- Mario Queiroz, Vice President, Product Management
- Stephanie Tilenius, Vice President, eCommerce
Sales - Daniel Alegre, Vice President, Asia Pacific and Japan
- Carlo d'Asaro Biondo, Vice President, Southern & Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa (SEEMEA)
- Francoise Brougher, Vice President, Global Online Sales and User Operations
- Henrique de Castro, Vice President, Global Media & Platforms
- Margo Georgiadis, Vice President, Global Sales Operations
- Dave Girouard, President, Enterprise
- John Herlihy, Vice President, Global Ad Operations
- Claire Hughes Johnson, Vice President, Global Online Sales
- Sanjay Kapoor, Vice President, Search Partnerships
- Dr. John Liu, Vice President, Sales, Greater China
- Michael Lock, Vice President, Enterprise Sales
- Norio Murakami, Chairman, Google Japan
- Penry Price, Vice President, Global Agency and Industry Development
- Philipp Schindler, Vice President, Northern and Central Europe
- Amit Singh, Vice President, International Sales and Operations, Enterprise
- Lorraine Twohill, Vice President, Global Marketing
- Dennis Woodside, Vice President, Americas Operations
Legal - David Lawee, Vice President, Corporate Development
- Megan Smith, Vice President, New Business Development, and General Manager, Google.org
- Matt Sucherman, Vice President and Deputy General Counsel
- Kent Walker, Vice President & General Counsel
- Nicole Wong, Vice President and Deputy General Counsel
Business Operations Finance People Operations - Liane Hornsey, Vice President, People Operations - Sales & Business Development
Google.org - Megan Smith, Vice President, New Business Development, and General Manager, Google.org
Google Ventures Operating Committee  | Eric Schmidt Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Since joining Google in 2001, Eric Schmidt has helped grow the company from a Silicon Valley startup to a global enterprise. Under his leadership, Google has dramatically scaled its infrastructure and broadened its offerings while maintaining a culture of strong innovation. His background uniquely prepares him to lead Google's efforts toward technological solutions that focus on users. With founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and the rest of the executive team, Eric oversees the company's technical and business strategy. Prior to joining Google, Eric was the Chairman and CEO of Novell and Chief Technology Officer at Sun Microsystems, Inc., where he led the development of Java, Sun's platform-independent programming technology. Earlier in his career, Eric was a member of the research staff at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) and held positions at Bell Laboratories and Zilog. He holds a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Princeton University as well as a master's and Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley. Eric is a member of President Obama's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2006 and inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as a fellow in 2007. Eric also chairs the board of the New America Foundation. |  | Larry Page Co-Founder & President, Products Larry Page was Google's founding CEO and grew the company to more than 200 employees and profitability before moving into his role as president of products in April 2001. He continues to share responsibility for Google's day-to-day operations with Eric Schmidt and Sergey Brin. The son of Michigan State University computer science professor Dr. Carl Victor Page, Larry's love of computers began at age six. While following in his father's footsteps in academics, he became an honors graduate from the University of Michigan, where he earned a bachelor's degree in engineering, with a concentration on computer engineering. During his time in Ann Arbor, Larry built an inkjet printer out of Lego bricks. While in the Ph.D. program in computer science at Stanford University, Larry met Sergey Brin, and together they developed and ran Google, which began operating in 1998. Larry went on leave from Stanford after earning his master's degree. In 2002, Larry was named a World Economic Forum Global Leader for Tomorrow. He is a member of the National Advisory Committee (NAC) of the University of Michigan College of Engineering, and together with co-founder Sergey Brin, Larry was honored with the Marconi Prize in 2004. He is a trustee on the board of the X PRIZE, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2004. |  | Sergey Brin Co-Founder & President, Technology Sergey Brin, a native of Moscow, received a bachelor of science degree with honors in mathematics and computer science from the University of Maryland at College Park. He is currently on leave from the Ph.D. program in computer science at Stanford University, where he received his master's degree. Sergey is a recipient of a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship as well as an honorary MBA from Instituto de Empresa. It was at Stanford where he met Larry Page and worked on the project that became Google. Together they founded Google Inc. in 1998, and Sergey continues to share responsibility for day-to-day operations with Larry Page and Eric Schmidt. Sergey's research interests include search engines, information extraction from unstructured sources, and data mining of large text collections and scientific data. He has published more than a dozen academic papers, including Extracting Patterns and Relations from the World Wide Web; Dynamic Data Mining: A New Architecture for Data with High Dimensionality, which he published with Larry Page; Scalable Techniques for Mining Casual Structures; Dynamic Itemset Counting and Implication Rules for Market Basket Data; and Beyond Market Baskets: Generalizing Association Rules to Correlations. Sergey has been a featured speaker at several international academic, business and technology forums, including the World Economic Forum and the Technology, Entertainment and Design Conference. He has shared his views on the technology industry and the future of search on the Charlie Rose Show, CNBC, and CNNfn. In 2004, he and Larry Page were named "Persons of the Week" by ABC World News Tonight. |  | Nikesh Arora President, Global Sales Operations and Business Development Nikesh oversees all revenue and customer operations, as well as marketing and partnerships. Since joining Google in 2004, he has held several positions with the company. Most recently, he led Google's global direct sales operations. He also developed and managed the company's operations in the European, Middle Eastern and African markets and was responsible for creating and expanding strategic partnerships in those regions for the benefit of Google's growing number of users and advertisers. With a background as an analyst, Nikesh's main areas of focus have been consulting, IT, marketing and finance. Prior to joining Google, he was chief marketing officer and a member of the management board at T-Mobile. While there, he spearheaded all product development, terminals, brand and marketing activities of T-Mobile Europe. In 1999, he started working with Deutsche Telekom and founded T-Motion PLC, a mobile multimedia subsidiary of T-Mobile International. Prior to joining Deutsche Telekom, Nikesh held management positions at Putnam Investments and Fidelity Investments in Boston. Nikesh holds a master's degree from Boston College and an MBA from Northeastern University, both of which were awarded with distinction. He also holds the CFA designation. In 1989, Nikesh graduated from the Institute of Technology in Varanasi, India with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. |  | Laszlo Bock Vice President, People Operations Laszlo Bock leads Google's people function globally, which includes all areas related to the attraction, development and retention of "Googlers." Laszlo joined Google from the General Electric Company, where most recently he was a vice president of human resources within GE Capital Solutions. He had earlier served as vice president of compensation and benefits for GE Commercial Equipment Financing. Before GE, Laszlo was a management consultant at McKinsey & Company, serving clients in the technology, private equity and media industries on issues of organizational design, talent acquisition and development, and cultural transformation. Laszlo's client work also extended to broader business growth and turnaround strategy. Earlier, he worked as a compensation consultant at Hewitt Associates, an HR consultancy. Laszlo earned an MBA from the Yale University School of Management and a bachelor's degree in international relations from Pomona College. He is on the Western Region Advisory Board of the Catalyst Group. |  | Shona L. Brown Senior Vice President, Business Operations, Google Inc. Shona L. Brown joined Google in 2003 and took on the responsibility of building both the People Operations and Business Operations groups. Prior to joining Google she was a partner at McKinsey & Company, a management consulting company, where her focus was working with consumer technology companies on growth, innovation and transformation. Shona is the author of Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos, which introduced a new strategic model for competing in volatile markets. She is a director of the following non-profit organizations: San Francisco Jazz Organization, The Bridgespan Group and the Exploratorium. She also serves on the board of PepsiCo. Shona has a bachelor's degree in computer systems engineering from Carleton University in Canada, an M.A. in economics and philosophy from Oxford University (which she attended as a Rhodes scholar), and a Ph.D. and postdoctoral degree from Stanford University's Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. |  | W. M. Coughran, Jr. Senior Vice President, Engineering Bill Coughran leads the broad systems infrastructure group underlying Google's products and services, including cluster management, storage, search systems, and a number of product engineering efforts. He joined Google engineering in early 2003. Throughout his extensive career in computing, Bill has been involved with networking, secure, and distributed systems as well as computational science and engineering. Before joining Google, Bill co-founded and served as CEO and in other executive roles at Entrisphere in Silicon Valley. Earlier, he was head of Bell Labs' Computing Sciences Research Center, where C, C++, Unix, Plan 9, and Inferno were created. He has also worked in computational science and distributed systems. Bill currently serves on the boards of directors for nSolutions Inc and Clearwell Systems Inc. In addition, he is an author of more than 50 publications and has served on several scientific boards/committees and technical advisory bodies. He has also held adjunct and visiting positions at Stanford, the ETH, and Duke. Bill holds a Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford University as well as degrees in mathematics from Caltech. |  | David C. Drummond Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer David Drummond joined Google in 2002, initially as vice president of corporate development. Today as senior vice president and chief legal officer, he leads Google's global teams for legal, government relations, corporate development (M&A and investment projects) and new business development (strategic partnerships and licensing opportunities). David was first introduced to Google in 1998 as a partner in the corporate transactions group at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and Rosati, one of the nation's leading law firms representing technology businesses. He served as Google's first outside counsel and worked with Larry Page and Sergey Brin to incorporate the company and secure its initial rounds of financing. During his tenure at Wilson Sonsini, David worked with a wide variety of technology companies to help them manage complex transactions such as mergers, acquisitions and initial public offerings. David earned his bachelor's degree in history from Santa Clara University and his JD from Stanford Law School. |  | Alan Eustace Senior Vice President, Engineering & Research Alan Eustace is one of Google's senior vice presidents of engineering. He joined Google in the summer of 2002. Prior to Google, Alan spent 15 years at Digital/Compaq/HP's Western Research Laboratory where he worked on a variety of chip design and architecture projects, including the MicroTitan Floating Point unit, BIPS - the fastest microprocessor of its era. Alan also worked with Amitabh Srivastava on ATOM, a binary code instrumentation system that forms the basis for a wide variety of program analysis and computer architecture analysis tools. These tools had a profound influence on the design of the EV5, EV6 and EV7 chip designs. Alan was promoted to director of the Western Research Laboratory in 1999. WRL had active projects in pocket computing, chip multi-processors, power and energy management, internet performance, and frequency and voltage scaling. In addition to directing Google's engineering efforts, Alan is actively involved in a number of Google's community-related activities such as The Second Harvest Food Bank and the Anita Borg Scholarship Fund. Alan is an author of 9 publications and holds 10 patents. He earned a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Central Florida. |  | Urs Hlzle Senior Vice President, Operations & Google Fellow Urs Hlzle served as the company's first vice president of engineering and led the development of Google's technical infrastructure. His current responsibilities include the design and operation of the servers, networks and datacenters that power Google. He is also renowned for both his red socks and his free-range Leonberger, Yoshka (Google's top dog). Urs joined Google from the University of California, Santa Barbara where he was an associate professor of computer science. He received a master's degree in computer science from ETH Zurich in 1988 and was awarded a Fulbright scholarship that same year. In 1994, he earned a Ph.D. from Stanford University, where his research focused on programming languages and their efficient implementation. As one of the pioneers of dynamic compilation, also known as "just-in-time compilation, " Urs invented fundamental techniques used in most of today's leading Java compilers. Before joining Google, Urs was a co-founder of Animorphic Systems, which developed compilers for Smalltalk and Java. After Sun Microsystems acquired Animorphic Systems in 1997, he helped build Javasoft's high-performance Hotspot Java compiler. In 1996, Urs received a CAREER award from the National Science Foundation for his work on high-performance implementations of object-oriented languages. He was also a leading contributor to DARPA's National Compiler Infrastructure project. Urs has served on program committees for major conferences in the field of programming language implementation, and is the author of numerous scientific papers and U.S. patents. |  | Jeff Huber Senior Vice President, Engineering Jeff Huber joined Google in 2003 and is a senior vice president of engineering. In this role, Jeff leads the technology development and innovation efforts for the company's advertising and monetization systems, including Google's AdWords and AdSense programs. Jeff brings more than 20 years of experience in large-scale systems design and operation, online consumer product development, high-volume transaction processing and engineering management. Prior to joining Google, Jeff was vice president of architecture & and systems development at eBay, where he championed the development of their product search infrastructure and expansion of the platform API program. Before eBay, Jeff was senior vice president of engineering at Excite@Home, where he led consumer product and infrastructure development for the largest broadband service provider. Earlier in his career, he was a technology consultant with McKinsey & Company, and founded a software development start-up. Jeff holds a bachelor's degree in computer engineering from the University of Illinois and a master's degree from Harvard University. |  | Omid Kordestani Senior Advisor, Office of the CEO and Founders As senior advisor to the CEO and founders, Omid is focused on identifying new revenue opportunities for the company. Previously, he was senior vice president of global sales and business development, and was directly responsible for Google's worldwide revenue generation efforts as well as the day-to-day operations of the company's sales organization. As Google's "business founder, " Omid led the development and implementation of the company's initial business model. After joining the company in 1999, he brought Google to profitability in record time, generating more than $10 billion in revenue in 2006. Omid has more than 20 years of high-technology consumer and enterprise experience, holding key positions at several start-ups, including Internet pioneer Netscape Communications. As vice president of business development and sales, he grew Netscape's online revenue from an annual run-rate of $88 million to more than $200 million in 18 months. Prior to Netscape, he held positions in marketing, product management, and business development at The 3DO Company, Go Corporation and Hewlett-Packard. Omid received an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business and a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from San Jose State University. |  | Patrick Pichette Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer Patrick Pichette is Google's chief financial officer. He has nearly 20 years of experience in financial operations and management in the telecommunications sector, including seven years at Bell Canada, which he joined in 2001 as executive vice president of planning and performance management. During his time at Bell Canada, he held various executive positions, including CFO from 2002 until the end of 2003, and was instrumental in the management of the most extensive communications network in Canada and its ongoing migration to a new national IP-based infrastructure. Prior to joining Bell Canada, Patrick was a partner at McKinsey & Company, where he was a lead member of McKinsey's North American Telecom Practice. He also served as vice president and chief financial officer of Call-Net Enterprises, a Canadian telecommunications company. Patrick earned a bachelor's degree in business administration from Universit du Qubec Montral. He holds a master's degree in philosophy, politics and economics from Oxford University, where he attended as a Rhodes Scholar. He also serves on the board of Engineers Without Borders (Canada). |  | Jonathan Rosenberg Senior Vice President, Product Management Jonathan Rosenberg is an industry veteran who oversees the teams that manage Google's innovative product portfolio and go-to-market strategies. In this role, Jonathan oversees the design, creation and improvement of all of Google's products, from consumer offerings to publisher and business services. He directs the teams with a special focus on delivering exceptional user experience, continuous innovation, and highly relevant, accountable, and untraditional marketing. Prior to joining Google in 2002, Jonathan founded, led and managed some of the most innovative product development teams of the Internet's first era. He was the founding member of @Home's product group and served as senior vice president of online products and services after the merger of Excite and @Home. Prior to that, Jonathan managed the eWorld product line for Apple Computer. Earlier, he was director of product marketing for Knight Ridder Information Services in Palo Alto, California, where he directed development of one of the first commercially deployed online relevance ranking engines and menu-driven Boolean search services for consumers. Jonathan holds an MBA from the University of Chicago and a bachelor's degree with honors in economics from Claremont McKenna College, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa. |  | Rachel Whetstone Vice President, Public Policy and Communications Rachel Whetstone joined Google in 2005, after 15 years advising senior politicians and companies on their strategic communications. She leads the company's global teams for public policy and communications. Rachel has a bachelor's degree in history from Bristol University. |  | Susan Wojcicki Vice President, Product Management Susan Wojcicki is vice president of product management at Google responsible for the design and innovation of all of Google's advertising and measurement platform products, including AdWords, AdSense, DoubleClick and Google Analytics. She has managed AdSense product management since inception in 2002, and has led all advertising programs on Google.com and its advertising network since 2006. Susan joined Google in 1999 as the company's first marketing manager and worked on the initial viral marketing programs as well as the first Google homepage doodles. She also led the initial development of several key successful consumer products including Google Images, Google Books and Google Video. Before joining Google, Susan worked at Intel and was a management consultant at Bain & Company and R.B. Webber & Company. She graduated with honors from Harvard University, holds a master's in economics from the University of California at Santa Cruz, and an MBA from UCLA. | Engineering  | Vinton G. Cerf Vice President & Chief Internet Evangelist Vinton G. Cerf is vice president and Chief Internet Evangelist for Google. He is responsible for identifying new enabling technologies and applications on the Internet and other platforms for the company. Widely known as a "Father of the Internet, " Vint is the co-designer with Robert Kahn of TCP/IP protocols and basic architecture of the Internet. In 1997, President Clinton recognized their work with the U.S. National Medal of Technology. In 2005, Vint and Bob received the highest civilian honor bestowed in the U.S., the Presidential Medal of Freedom. It recognizes the fact that their work on the software code used to transmit data across the Internet has put them "at the forefront of a digital revolution that has transformed global commerce, communication, and entertainment." From 1994-2005, Vint served as Senior Vice President at MCI. Prior to that, he was Vice President of the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI), and from 1982-86 he served as Vice President of MCI. During his tenure with the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) from 1976-1982, Vint played a key role leading the development of Internet and Internet-related data packet and security technologies. Since 2000, Vint has served as chairman of the board of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and he has been a Visiting Scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory since 1998. He served as founding president of the Internet Society (ISOC) from 1992-1995 and was on the ISOC board until 2000. Vint is a Fellow of the IEEE, ACM, AAAS, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the International Engineering Consortium, the Computer History Museum and the National Academy of Engineering. Vint has received numerous awards and commendations in connection with his work on the Internet, including the Marconi Fellowship, Charles Stark Draper award of the National Academy of Engineering, the Prince of Asturias award for science and technology, the Alexander Graham Bell Award presented by the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf, the A.M. Turing Award from the Association for Computer Machinery, the Silver Medal of the International Telecommunications Union, and the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal, among many others. He holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from UCLA and more than a dozen honorary degrees. |  | Stuart Feldman Vice President, Engineering Stu is responsible for engineering activities at Google's offices in the eastern half of the Americas. Before joining Google, he worked at IBM for eleven years. Most recently, he was Vice President for Computer Science in IBM Research, where he drove the long-term and exploratory worldwide science strategy in computer science and related fields, led programs for open collaborative research with universities, and influenced national and global computer science policy. Prior to that, Stu served as Vice President for Internet Technology and was responsible for IBM strategies, standards, and policies relating to the future of the Internet, and managed a department that created experimental Internet-based applications. Earlier, he was the founding Director of IBM's Institute for Advanced Commerce, which was dedicated to creating intellectual leadership in e-commerce. Before joining IBM in mid-1995, Stu was a computer science researcher at Bell Labs and a research manager at Bellcore. In addition he was the creator of Make as well as the architect for a large new line of software products at Bellcore. Stu did his academic work in astrophysics and mathematics and earned his AB at Princeton and his PhD at MIT. He is President of ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) and received the 2003 ACM Software System Award. He is also a Fellow of the IEEE, a Fellow of the ACM, and serves on a number of government advisory committees. |  | Jen Fitzpatrick Vice President, Engineering Jen leads engineering for search features at Google. Previously, she led software development for a wide variety of Google products and teams, including AdWords, Google News, Product Search, corporate engineering and the Google Search Appliance. Jen was also a co-founding member of Google's user experience team. Jen holds a bachelor's degree in symbolic systems and a master's degree in computer science from Stanford University. |  | Ben Fried Chief Information Officer Ben is Chief Information Officer, overseeing the company's global technology systems. His extensive hands-on experience in technology includes stints as a dBASE II programmer, front-line support manager, Macintosh developer, Windows 1.0 programmer, and Unix systems programmer. Prior to joining Google, he spent more than 13 years in Morgan Stanley's technology department, where he rose to the level of Managing Director. During his time there, he led teams responsible for software development technology, web and electronic commerce technologies and operations, and technologies for knowledge workers. Ben earned a bachelor's degree in computer science from Columbia University. |  | Vic Gundotra Vice President, Engineering Vic joined Google in 2007 as a Vice President of Engineering, responsible for mobile applications and developer evangelism. In addition, he is responsible for product management and marketing for mobile products at Google. He also oversees applications development. Previously, Vic spent 15 years at Microsoft, where he worked on a variety of products and operating systems, including Windows 3.0, NT, Windows XP, and Vista. He was recognized by MIT as a "Young Innovator under 35" for his work in sparking the Microsoft's change from Win32 to the .NET programming model. Most recently, Vic was General Manager of Microsoft's developer outreach efforts worldwide, including evangelism and strategy for products like Windows Vista, Visual Studio, Microsoft Office, Microsoft CRM, and Windows Mobile. Vic holds two patents in the area of distributed computing and identity-based access to cloud resources. |  | Udi Manber Vice President, Engineering As a Vice President of Engineering, Udi is responsible for core search. Before joining Google early in 2006, Udi was CEO of A9.com, a Senior VP at Amazon.com, and Yahoo's Chief Scientist. He started working on search algorithms in 1989 with the invention of Suffix Arrays (with Gene Myers) while he was a professor at the University of Arizona, and he was a co-developer of several search packages, including Agrep, Glimpse, WebGlimpse, and Harvest. He started developing search and other software tools for the web 2 months after Mosaic was announced in 1993, and continued ever since. While in academia, he also worked in the areas of theoretical computer science, computer security, distributed systems, and networks. He won a Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1985. Udi holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Washington. |  | Nelson Mattos Vice President, Engineering, EMEA Nelson joined Google in 2007, and as VP of Engineering for the EMEA region, he is responsible for all engineering and product development activities. Prior to joining Google, he worked in various capacities at IBM for 15 years. Most recently, Nelson was an IBM Distinguished Engineer and Vice-President of Information and User Technologies at IBM Research. He led an organization of researchers worldwide who worked on projects involving search, structured and unstructured information processing and analytics, natural language processing, conversational and multimodal interaction, business collaboration tools, visualization technologies and overall user experience. He was also an IBM Distinguished Engineer and Vice-President, Information Integration for the IBM Software Group, for which he created a portfolio of products that grew into a several hundred million dollar business, brought several key technologies to market, and drove five key acquisitions in support of this segment. Nelson's career with IBM also included key roles in DB2 development, leading major SQL extensions, and driving worldwide database standards; in this capacity, he contributed to the design of SQL99 through more than 300 accepted proposals. Prior to IBM, Nelson was an associate professor at the University of Kaiserslautern in Germany, where he was involved in research on object-oriented and knowledge base management systems. Nelson received his Ph. D. in Computer Science from University of Kaiserslautern and also holds bachelor's and master's degrees in Computer Science from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. He has published over 80 papers on database management and related topics, holds 13 patents, and is the author of book, An Approach to Knowledge Base Management. |  | Brian McClendon Vice President, Engineering Brian leads the engineering group for Google's geo products, which include Google Maps, Earth, Local Search, SketchUp, Street View, Ocean, Mars and Moon. Brian joined Google in 2004 via the acquisition of Keyhole Corporation where he was head of engineering, a founder, and a member of the board. Prior to Keyhole, Brian was a founder at Intrinsic Graphics and an Engineering Director at @Home Network. Previously, he spent eight years at Silicon Graphics developing high-end workstation 3D graphics subsystems like GT, GTX, RealityEngine and InfiniteReality. He holds two issued patents including the one for KML, which is now an open standard for GIS data. Brian has a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Kansas. |  | Cosmos Nicolaou Vice President, Engineering As a vice president of engineering, Cos is responsible for the infrastructure that supports web search. Cos joined Google in 2003 and since then has worked on a number of different properties, including Froogle, Google Video and Google News, before spending the last three years working on search. Prior to Google, Cos worked at a number of start-ups, including co-founding Nemesys Research, which was sold to FORE Systems in 1996. He later moved to the U.S. with FORE Systems in 1999. He also led the development teams for Akamai Technology's streaming and storage teams from 1999 to 2002, when these were the first such services to be offered at internet scale. Cos has a bachelor's degree with first class honors from University College London and a Ph.D. from Cambridge University, both in computer science. |  | Sridhar Ramaswamy Vice President, Engineering Sridhar directs engineering for Google's AdWords advertising products. Since joining Google in 2003, Sridhar and his teams have taken a lead role in defining the vision and direction of AdWords. Prior to joining Google, he held several roles at E.piphany. Most recently, he was director of engineering for the company's Analytic Platform. Previously, he held research positions at Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies and Bell Communications Research (Bellcore). Sridhar earned a bachelor's degree in computer science from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. He received his Ph.D. and master's degree in computer science from Brown University. He has published numerous papers on database systems and database theory. |  | Andy Rubin Vice President, Engineering Andy joined Google in 2005 is responsible for the overall product strategy and development of the Android platform. Prior to joining Google, Andy was founder and CEO of Android, a company he incubated as an entrepreneur in residence at Redpoint Ventures. Android was acquired by Google in 2005. Previously, Andy was president and chief executive officer of Danger Inc. where he helped create the Sidekick, one of the first consumer data devices. Earlier, he was instrumental in building and shipping WebTV, the first interactive television-based Internet service, which was acquired by Microsoft in 1995. He also led the effort to ship the Motorola Envoy, one of the first wireless PDAs for General Magic, and helped design the first host-based software modem for Apple Computer. Andy began his career as a software engineer for Carl Zeiss A.G., maker of industrial and consumer optical products. He is the author of numerous patents in wireless communications. |  | Alfred Spector VP of Research and Special Initiatives Alfred joined Google in 2007 and is responsible for research across Google and also a growing collection of special initiatives, such as open source, health, university relations and more. Alfred speaks widely on research and innovation, and spends much time helping Google connect to the university research community. Previously, Alfred was vice president of strategy and technology IBM's Software Business, and prior to that, he was vice president of services and software research across IBM. He was also founder and CEO of Transarc Corporation, a pioneer in distributed transaction processing and wide area file systems, and was an associate professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University, specializing in highly reliable, highly scalable distributed computing. Alfred received his Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford and a bachelor's degree in applied mathematics from Harvard. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the IEEE and the ACM. Alfred is also the recipient of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society's Tsutomu Kanai Award for work in scalable architectures and distributed systems. |  | Benjamin Sloss Treynor Vice President, Engineering Ben joined Google as Site Reliability Tsar in 2003. In that role he has led the development and operations of Google's production software infrastructure, network, and major user-facing services. Earlier, Ben held engineering management roles at Seven Networks as Vice President of Engineering, at E.piphany as an engineering director, and at Versant Object Technology, in roles ranging from individual contributor to Vice President of R&D. Ben started his career at Oracle at age 17 as a software engineer. Ben holds bachelor's and master's degrees in Computer Science from Stanford University, and an MBA from the University of California- Berkeley Haas School of Business. |  | Linus Upson Vice President, Engineering Linus Upson joined Google in 2005 and is currently a vice president of engineering overseeing Google's browser products including Chrome and Chrome OS. Prior to Google, Linus was an engineer NeXT and Netscape and founded two companies, AvantGo and Qurb. Linus is on an extended leave from his undergraduate studies in mathematics at Princeton University. |  | Jeff Dean Google Fellow Jeff joined Google in 1999 and is currently a Google Fellow working in the Systems Infrastructure Group. Jeff has designed and implemented large portions of the company's advertising, crawling, indexing and query serving systems, along with various pieces of the distributed computing infrastructure that sits underneath most of Google's products. At various times, Jeff has also worked on improving search quality, statistical machine translation, and various internal software development tools, and he has had significant involvement in the engineering hiring process. Prior to joining Google, Jeff was at DEC/Compaq's Western Research Laboratory, where he worked on profiling tools, microprocessor architecture, and information retrieval. Earlier, he worked at the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS, developing software for statistical modeling and forecasting of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Jeff is an author of more than 20 publications and a co-inventor on more than 25 patents. He earned a B.S. in computer science and economics (summa cum laude) from the University of Minnesota and received a Ph.D. and a M.S. in computer science from the University of Washington. In 2009, he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering, which recognized his work on "the science and engineering of large-scale distributed computer systems." |  | Sanjay Ghemawat Google Fellow Sanjay works on the distributed computing infrastructure that is used by most Google products. He has led the design and implementation of various storage systems (GFS, Bigtable), a batch processing system (MapReduce), networking libraries, data representation languages, memory management systems, and various performance measurement tools. Previously, Sanjay was a researcher at DEC's Systems Research Center, where he worked on performance measurement tools, Java virtual machines, and Java compilers. Sanjay earned a bachelor's degree from Cornell as well as a Ph.D. and M.S. from MIT, all in computer science. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. |  | Amit Singhal Google Fellow Amit Singhal has worked in the field of search for over fifteen years, first as an academic researcher and now as Google engineer. His research interests include information retrieval, its application to web search, web graph analysis, and user interfaces for search. At Google, Amit works with the Search Quality team, the team responsible for Google's search algorithms. Prior to joining Google in 2000, Amit was a senior member of technical staff at AT&T Labs. Amit has an undergraduate degree in India from IIT, Roorkee, a MS from the University of Minnesota and a Ph.D. from Cornell University, all in Computer Science. At Cornell, he studied Information Retrieval with the late Gerard Salton, one of the founders of the field. Amit has co-authored more than thirty scientific papers and numerous patents. | Products  | John Hanke Vice President, Product Management John leads product management for Google's geo products, which include Maps, Earth, Local Search, Transit, Street View, SketchUp and special initiatives such as Google Ocean and Sky. He came to Google in 2004 through the acquisition by Google of his company, Keyhole, whose technology was the basis of Google Earth. Long committed to global access for geo information, since joining Google he has overseen the global roll-out of Maps, Earth and Local. Prior to joining Google, John was an entrepreneur who co-founded Big Network as well as Keyhole. John received his MBA from UC Berkeley in 2004. He has a bachelor's degree from the University of Texas at Austin, where he graduated magna cum laude with Special Honors in Plan II. John is an executive fellow at the UC Berkeley Haas School of Business. |  | Bradley Horowitz Vice President, Product Management Bradley oversees product management for Google Apps, including Gmail, Calendar, Google Talk, Google Voice, Google Docs, Blogger and Picasa. Before joining Google, Bradley led Yahoo's advanced development division, which developed new products such as Yahoo! Pipes, and drove the acquisition of products such as Flickr and MyBlogLog. Previously, he was Co-Founder and CTO of Virage, where he oversaw the technical direction of the company from its founding through its IPO and eventual acquisition by Autonomy. Bradley holds a bachelor's degree in computer science from the University of Michigan, and a master's degree from the MIT Media Lab and was pursuing his Ph.D. there when he co-founded Virage. |  | Salar Kamangar Vice President, Product Management Salar is vice president of Google's web applications, including Gmail, Talk, Calendar, Reader, Orkut, Blogger, Picasa, Video, Docs, Spreadsheets, Presentations and Checkout. Previously, he was vice president of product management for Google's advertising and monetization products, including the AdWords program, which he defined with a small engineering team. Prior to that, Salar created the company's first business plan and was responsible for its legal and finance functions. He then became a founding member of Google's product team, working on consumer projects such as the acquisition of DejaNews and the subsequent launch of Google Groups. Salar earned his bachelor's degree in biological sciences with honors from Stanford University. |  | Marissa Mayer Vice President, Search Products & User Experience Marissa leads the company's product management efforts on search products - web search, images, news, books, products, maps, Google Earth, Google Toolbar, Google Desktop, Google Health, Google Labs and more. She joined Google in 1999 as Google's first female engineer and led the user interface and web server teams at that time. Her efforts have included designing and developing Google's search interface, internationalizing the site to more than 100 languages, defining Google News, Gmail, and Orkut, and launching more than 100 features and products on Google.com. Several patents have been filed on her work in artificial intelligence and interface design. In her spare time, Marissa also organizes Google Movies - outings a few times a year to see the latest blockbusters - for 6, 000+ people (employees plus family and friends). Concurrently with her full-time work at Google, Marissa has taught introductory computer programming classes at Stanford to more than 3, 000 students. Stanford has recognized her with the Centennial Teaching Award and the Forsythe Award for her outstanding contribution to undergraduate education. Marissa has been featured in various publications, including Newsweek ("10 Tech Leaders of the Future"), Red Herring ("15 Women to Watch"), Business 2.0 ("Silicon Valley Dream Team"), BusinessWeek, and Fast Company. In 2008, at 33, Marissa became the youngest woman ever to be included on Fortune's Most Powerful Women list (#50). Graduating with honors, Marissa received her bachelor's degree in symbolic systems and her master's degree in computer science from Stanford University. For both degrees, she specialized in artificial intelligence. She also holds an honorary doctorate of engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology. |  | Neal Mohan Vice President, Product Management Neal is vice president of product management, responsible for Google's portfolio of AdSense for Content and DoubleClick platform products. This includes our innovation efforts in display advertising, emerging ad formats, and social media monetization. Prior to Google, he was senior vice president of strategy and product development at DoubleClick, building the company's strategic plan, leading the product management team in its execution, and growing the business rapidly. Previously, Neal held various leadership positions at DoubleClick and NetGravity in technology development, business operations, and client services. In this process he played a key role in pioneering and growing the digital marketing industry. He has also served in strategy and consulting roles at Microsoft and Accenture. Neal has an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business where he was an Arjay Miller Scholar. He also has a B.S. in electrical engineering from Stanford University. |  | Sundar Pichai Vice President, Product Management Sundar joined Google in 2004 and is currently a vice president of product management. He leads the product management and innovation efforts for a suite of Google's search and consumer products, including iGoogle, Google Toolbar, Google Chrome, Desktop Search and Gadgets, Google Pack, and Gears. Sundar brings more than 12 years of experience developing high-tech consumer and enterprise products. Before joining Google, he held various engineering and product management positions at Applied Materials, and was a management consultant with McKinsey & Company for a variety of software and semiconductor clients. Sundar received a B.Tech from the Indian Institute of Technology and was awarded an Institute Silver Medal. He holds an M.S. from Stanford University and an MBA from the Wharton School, where he was named a Siebel Scholar and a Palmer Scholar. |  | Mario Queiroz Vice President, Product Management Mario joined Google in 2005 and is currently responsible for product management for the Android platform. Previously at Google, Mario led the company's international product management activities out of the London office, including product strategy for non-US markets and product development across 20 R&D centers around the world. Earlier, Mario led Google's global IT product strategy and development. Prior to Google, Mario worked at Hewlett-Packard as vice president within a global operations function, where he led the development of key elements of HP's IT infrastructure. This followed engineering, product management, marketing, and operations roles across different HP businesses. Mario currently serves on the board of directors of Metro International, a daily newspaper published in over 100 cities around the world. Mario holds bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from Stanford University. |  | Stephanie Tilenius Vice President, eCommerce Stephanie is responsible for commerce at Google, including digital content and commerce in the cloud, product search and payments. Prior to joining Google, she was at eBay for nine years, most recently as senior vice president of eBay North America and Global Product. As general manager and vice president of PayPal Merchant Services, Stephanie built PayPal's platform and business on the web from the ground up to be used on 45 percent of websites today. She also ran eBay Motors and eBay Asia Pacific and Latin America. Previously, Stephanie was a co-founder of PlanetRx.com and worked at Intel, AOL, Firefly and Alex Brown. Stephanie is on the board of IronPlanet.com and the Harvard Business School Research Center. She holds a bachelor's degree in economics and a master's in finance from Brandeis, as well as an MBA from Harvard. | Sales  | Daniel Alegre Vice President, Asia Pacific and Japan Daniel oversees all of Google's sales and operations for the Asia Pacific and Japan regions. Previously, he was vice president for Latin America sales. Additionally, he oversaw APLA (Asia Pacific and Latin America) business development, and was responsible for all international wireless, syndication, content acquisition and reseller strategic partnerships. Since joining Google in 2004, he has expanded strategic partnerships, including China Mobile, AOL Europe, KDDI and NTT Docomo. Previously, Daniel worked for seven years at media company Bertelsmann AG, focused mainly on offline and online music and digital initiatives in different capacities: he was vice president of business development of the Bertelsmann eCommerce Group in New York, spearheading all partnerships and acquisitions for the BMG Music Clubs and CDNow, including strategic partnerships and investments in Napster and MyPlay; managing director of record division BMG Music in Latin America; and director of new Internet initiatives in the company headquarters in Guetersloh, Germany. Earlier, Daniel started and ran an FM radio station in Mexico. Daniel holds dual degrees from Harvard University: an MBA from Harvard Business School and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. He graduated cum laude with a bachelor's degree from Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. |  | Carlo d'Asaro Biondo Vice President, Southern & Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa (SEEMEA) As vice president of Southern & Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa, Carlo leads Google SEEMEA's advertising sales operations and contributes to the strategic growth of Google products and services. Most recently, Carlo was managing director for the industry sector of Infropro Communications, a private equity-backed B2B publisher and business intelligence provider. Carlo also previously served as CEO International of Lagardere Active and as president of AOL Europe. Before working for AOL, Carlo was VP and general manager, communications and media industries EMEA for Unisys Corporation. He also has over a decade of consulting experience with KPMG, where he served as CEO for France. Carlo has an MBA from the University of Rome and a post-graduate degree from Bocconi University in Italy. He has lectured on reporting and finance topics at numerous university graduation courses both in Rome and Paris. |  | Francoise Brougher Vice President, Global Online Sales and User Operations Francoise leads the team that focuses on selling and serving small businesses at Google as well as the sales group responsible for providing cross-channel support to advertisers, publishers, partners and users. Previously at Google, Francoise was vice president of Business Operations, the group that helps the company to innovate at scale by designing business processes and solving strategic business problems. During her tenure the group took on increasingly complex projects such as partnering with the engineering leadership on the operating model for the global engineering organization, working with finance to redefine planning process and building product specific P&L, developing a global market investment framework to invest sales resources across the globe. She also led Google's market development efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the company's "green" business operations efforts such as the solar panel installation on the Google campus. Prior to joining Google in 2005, Francoise was vice president of business strategy at Charles Schwab. Previously, she ran Ocean Gem, a wholesale business that imported black pearls from South Pacific; she also worked as a management consultant for Booz Allen Hamilton in Europe and the U.S. Early in her career, she worked in manufacturing for L'Oreal in Japan. Francoise earned an MBA from Harvard University, and a master's in engineering from Institut Catholique d'Arts et Metiers in France. |  | Henrique de Castro Vice President, Global Media & Platforms As vice president of media & platforms for Google, Henrique is responsible for the company's YouTube, display and platforms businesses worldwide. Henrique joined Google in 2006 from Dell where he ran its enterprise business in Western Europe. Prior to Dell, he worked for McKinsey & Company and in the private equity and advertising industries. Henrique holds an MBA from IMD, and a master's in business administration and economics. |  | Margo Georgiadis Vice President, Global Sales Operations Margo is responsible for driving Google's sales operations and strategies across regions, channels and products as well as leading the sales technology teams which enable the successful commercialization of Google's products (e.g., AdWords, AdSense, display and mobile ads) with advertisers and publishers. She also leads the company's local and commerce businesses, working to extend services like Checkout, Google Places and commerce search to small and large businesses alike. Before joining Google, Margo was a principal in Synetro Capital LLC, a private investment firm based in Chicago. She also spent five years as the executive vice president of card products and chief marketing officer of Discover Financial Services where she led a radical turnaround of business performance and revitalized its rewards leadership with award-winning new products, customer experience and marketing. Prior to Discover, Margo was a partner at McKinsey and Company for 15 years in London and Chicago. She was a leader in the firm's marketing and retail practices, and also co-founded and led the customer acquisition and management and retail marketing practices. She has a bachelor's degree in economics from Harvard College and an MBA from Harvard Business School. |  | Dave Girouard President, Enterprise Dave Girouard manages Google's growing enterprise business worldwide. He leads a team responsible for sales, marketing, product development and customer support. Prior to joining Google, Dave was senior vice president of marketing and business development at Virage, a provider of multimedia search and content management software. Dave also founded and developed Virage's application services business. He came to Virage from the worldwide product marketing organization at Apple, where he spent several years in product management. Prior to that, Dave was an associate in Booz Allen & Hamilton's Information Technology practice in San Francisco. He started his career in enterprise systems development and integration in the Boston office of Accenture (formerly Andersen Consulting). Dave graduated from Dartmouth College with an AB in Engineering Sciences and a BE in Computer Engineering. He also received an MBA from the University of Michigan with High Distinction. |  | John Herlihy Vice President, Global Ad Operations As vice president of Global Ad Operations, John drives Google's online advertising operations and support globally by providing small business solutions to advertisers. Based at our EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) headquarters in Dublin, with teams across the globe. John joined Google in 2005 and built its online sales and operations channels in new and existing markets across EMEA. Previously, John held senior management positions at several global technology companies including First Data, PeopleSoft, Adobe Systems, Inc. and Oracle Corporation. John began his career as a Chartered Accountant at global accountancy practice KPMG in its Dublin office, before relocating to the U.S. in 1993. He holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) from University College Dublin and is a Qualified Chartered Accountant. |  | Claire Hughes Johnson Vice President, Global Online Sales Claire is responsible for Google's Online Sales channel, a global team which acquires and provides sales and client services to hundreds of thousands of advertisers, agencies, and advertising reseller partners. Since joining Google in 2004, Claire has managed sales and operations teams on both the consumer and business product sides, including Gmail, Google Checkout and Google Apps. She led the formation of the Consumer Operations team that today supports hundreds of millions of active users of more than 30 consumer products. Prior to joining Google, Claire worked in management consulting where she provided marketing and customer strategy to large media companies, including DirecTV, The New York Times and Dow Jones. Claire's career began in Massachusetts state politics, working for the Attorney General and also on gubernatorial and local state campaigns. Between elections, Claire spent a year working in the publishing industry on the editorial side, with Hearst Magazines. Claire earned a bachelor's degree with honors from Brown University, and an MBA from Yale University School of Management. |  | Sanjay Kapoor Vice President, Search Partnerships Sanjay leads global search partnerships for Google. Previously, he was head of Google's North American AdSense for Search business, responsible for business development, sales and syndication with Google's strategic partners, including AOL, IAC, eBay and Amazon. Prior to joining Google in 2003, Sanjay was vice president of business development at MP3.com where he led business development and partner marketing for the company. Sanjay also held management and marketing positions at Beyond.com and the Clorox Company. He began his career as a strategy consultant at Accenture (formerly Andersen Consulting). Sanjay holds an MBA from the Kellogg School of Management and a bachelor's degree in quantitative economics from the University of California, Berkeley, including a one year economics program at the London School of Economics. |  | Dr. John Liu Vice President, Sales, Greater China Dr. John Liu oversees sales and business development in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Prior to joining Google, John served six years as CEO and president of SK Telecom in China. Earlier, he held senior executive positions at FreeMarkets Inc. and Singapore Telecom. In 2006, he was named one of "Ten Outstanding IT Business Leaders of China" by the China Computer and Information Industry Development Center. In 2007, he won the Robert Mundell World Executive Award for achievements in China. John earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Beijing Normal University. He taught at the East China Normal University in Shanghai before venturing overseas to pursue advanced studies. He completed both his master's degree in Operation Research and Ph.D. in Telecommunication Network Management at the Technical University of Denmark. |  | Michael Lock Vice President, Enterprise Sales Michael oversees the Americas Sales and Operations organization for Google's Enterprise division. Since joining Google in 2005, Michael has helped rapidly expand Google's footprint within the global Enterprise marketplace. Currently, he is responsible for teams driving customer acquisition of Google's Enterprise offerings in the product areas of Search, Maps, Earth, Apps and Postini. A 25-year veteran of the enterprise information technology industry, Michael began his career at IBM where he held roles in the general systems and enterprise systems divisions. He moved to Silicon Valley as a sales and marketing executive for Oracle in the 90's and subsequently, took positions in several Silicon Valley start-ups. Michael played a pivotal role in the success and eventual acquisition of Virage, a pioneer of multimedia search and content management software. Michael holds a bachelor's degree in business administration from Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. |  | Norio Murakami Chairman, Google Japan Norio Murakami joined in 2003 as vice president of Google Inc. and president & general manager of Google Japan and was responsible for all aspects of Google's business in Japan. He became chairman of Google Japan in 2009. Before joining Google, Norio was president of Docent Japan, where he established the Japanese subsidiary in 2001. He built a solid foundation of leadership for Docent in Japan - and in the e-learning industry generally - through many partnerships including those with Accenture, NEC, and Works Applications. From 1997 to 1999, Norio was president & CEO of Northern Telecom Japan. In this capacity, he successfully merged and integrated the company with Bay Networks Japan, whose parent company had been acquired by Northern Telecom, and was later re-named Nortel Networks Japan. With the transformation of the business from circuit switching to IP, Norio increased the company's revenue and profitability to a historic high in 2000. Through mid-2001, he served as president & CEO of Nortel Networks Japan. Norio started his career as an engineer for minicomputer systems at Hitachi Electronics K.K. In addition to his service at Northern Telecom, he has held a number of management roles such as the CEO-Japan & VP-Corporate for Informix, and as a member of the board of directors for marketing at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) Japan. This affiliation also included a five-year assignment at DEC headquarters in Massachusetts. Norio graduated from Kyoto University with a B.S. in engineering. |  | Penry Price Vice President, Global Agency and Industry Development Penry is responsible for Google's agency and industry relationships in the U.S., as well as aligning the company's approach to these partners on a global basis. In a previous role at Google, he oversaw the day-to-day operations of Google's media sales and account management teams throughout North America, and helped develop and manage Google's relationships with traditional advertisers, industry contacts and advertising agencies. Prior to joining Google in 2004, Penry was the advertising director at Us Weekly, where he managed advertising operations and the publication's national sales staff. Before working at Us Weekly, he held various advertising sales positions at Rolling Stone, including eastern advertising director. Penry began his career in advertising in the consumer electronics group of Hachette Filipacchi Magazines. Penry is a member of the board of advisors of Outward Bound USA, the board of the Boston Ad Club, as well as the ad:tech North American board of advisors. He holds a bachelor's degree from Hobart College. |  | Philipp Schindler Vice President, Northern and Central Europe Philipp Schindler joined Google in 2005 and oversees the company's operations in Northern and Central Europe (NACE), including the U.K., Ireland, the Benelux countries, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. Before joining Google, Philipp was a senior vice president at AOL Germany, running the company's marketing and sales activities and serving as a member of their management board for 6 years. Within this capacity, Philipp was responsible for one of the largest marketing and sales budgets in the country, constantly innovating in the areas of direct marketing, traditional brand marketing, customer relationship management, business intelligence and data mining, and pricing. He developed a range of major sales partnerships and a number of internationally acknowledged marketing projects, winning several industry awards, such as the Golden Effie. Previously he served as head of marketing at CompuServe in Germany, a subsidiary of AOL Inc., and also worked as an e-commerce and marketing specialist at the global AOL headquarters in the U.S. Before joining AOL, Philipp was accepted into the top junior talent program of Bertelsmann AG, where he focused on new media activities within their global corporate strategy unit. Philipp earned a Diplom Kaufmann degree with distinction from the European Business School (EBS) in Oestrich-Winkel, Germany. He is a scholar of Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes and also serves on the jury of the German Marketing Award. |  | Amit Singh Vice President, International Sales and Operations, Enterprise Amit Singh leads international sales and operations for Google's Enterprise business with responsibility for EMEA, APAC and Japan. He joined Google in 2010 after nearly 20 years at Oracle in different areas of the business, including product development, channel management, sales, strategy and acquisitions. In his most recent role, as group vice president, he led the Application Strategy Group, responsible for applications acquisitions, shared services and product strategy for North American Sales. He also ran sales and operations for some of the fastest growing acquisitions at Oracle including Demantra, G-Log, Agile, Logical Apps and Peoplesoft HR. Amit spent a decade in various sales positions managing Applications sales organizations in the Northeast and Midwest. He began his Oracle career in product development, designing and building some of the first Oracle Applications, before moving into channel management. Amit is a graduate of Rensselaer with a master's degree in industrial and management engineering and a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Delhi College of Engineering. |  | Lorraine Twohill Vice President, Global Marketing Lorraine joined Google in 2003 and is responsible for the company's marketing efforts globally. Her marketing programs focus on the go-to-market strategy and adoption of all of Google's products, from consumer offerings to business services. Previously, she led all of Google's regional marketing activities and teams in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Lorraine has 16 years experience in marketing. Before joining Google, she was head of marketing for Opodo, the European travel portal created by nine of Europe's leading airlines. She led the launch of the company across Europe, bringing it to a top 3 position in all launch markets within 2 years. U.S. publication Advertising Age has recognized Lorraine on the "Top 40 Under 40" Global Marketing list. She has also been cited in the Power 100 list by U.K. magazine Marketing for the past 3 years running. Lorraine holds a joint honors degree in international marketing and languages from Dublin City University and has been named on the DCU Alumni Roll of Honor. |  | Dennis Woodside Vice President, Americas Operations Dennis joined Google in 2003 and leads the company's North American and Latin American advertising sales and operations teams. Previously, he oversaw Google's sales and operations in the U.K., Benelux and Ireland. Prior to that, Dennis launched and ran Google's field operations in Central Europe, Russia, the Middle East and North Africa. He established offices in 10 countries including Egypt, Turkey, Russia and Israel. Additionally, he started the company's inside sales operation in Europe. Prior to joining Google, Dennis was an associate partner at McKinsey and Company, where he led operational and strategy projects for multinational clients in the technology and media industries. Earlier, he managed complex mergers and acquisitions in aerospace, energy, media and finance industries. He also served as law clerk to the Honorable Dennis G. Jacobs in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit in New York. Dennis received a J.D. from Stanford Law School, where he was associate editor of the Stanford Law Review, and holds a bachelor's degree in industrial relations from Cornell University. | Legal  | David Lawee Vice President, Corporate Development As vice president of corporate development, David manages a worldwide team responsible for all of the company's acquisitions and investments. Previously, David was vice president of marketing, where he managed all of Google's consumer, advertiser and partner marketing, globally. David brings significant entrepreneurial, general management, and investment experience to his role. Before joining Google, David co-founded Xfire, a leading online gaming community, where he led product development, marketing and international business development. Within 2 years of launch, Xfire became the fastest growing Internet gaming site with over 5 million registered users. Xfire was sold to Viacom in early 2006. David's prior experience includes co-founding 3 other start-ups including Mosaic Venture Partners, a leading Toronto-based venture capital firm. He also worked as a management consultant at McKinsey & Company where he served a wide variety of multi-national clients. David holds degrees in law and philosophy from McGill University and the University of Western Ontario respectively, as well as an MBA from University of Chicago. |  | Megan Smith Vice President, New Business Development, and General Manager, Google.org Megan oversees teams that manage early-stage partnerships, explorations and technology licensing. She also leads the Google.org team, guiding strategy and developing new partnerships and internal projects with Google's engineering and product teams. She joined Google in 2003 and has led several of the company's acquisitions, including Keyhole (Google Earth), Where2Tech (Google Maps), and Picasa. She also co-led the company's early work with publishers for Google Book Search. Previously, Megan was the CEO and, earlier, COO of PlanetOut, the leading gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender online community. Under her leadership, PlanetOut grew tenfold in reach and revenue. Prior to that, Megan was at General Magic for six years working on handheld communications products and partnerships. She also worked in multimedia at Apple Japan in Tokyo. Over the years, Megan has contributed to a wide range of engineering projects, such as designing an award-winning bicycle lock; working on a space station construction research project that eventually flew on the U.S. space shuttle; and running a field-research study on solar cookstoves in South America. She was also a member of the MIT-Solectria student team that designed, built, and raced a solar car in the first cross-continental solar car race, covering 2000 miles of the Australian outback. She was selected as one of the 100 World Economic Forum technology pioneers for 2001 and 2002. Megan holds a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in mechanical engineering from MIT, where she now serves on the board. She completed her master's thesis work at the MIT Media Lab. |  | Matt Sucherman Vice President and Deputy General Counsel Matt Sucherman is a deputy general counsel currently overseeing Google's legal affairs in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA). Previously, Matt ran the Corporate and Securities group at Google, where he oversaw dozens of acquisitions and strategic transactions, including YouTube and others. Prior to joining Google, Matt was the COO and chief counsel at Streampipe, a B2B rich media Internet start-up that was purchased by Loudeye Technologies. Matt began his career as an associate at the New York law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison, where he negotiated mergers and acquisitions and joint ventures for media and private equity clients. Matt holds a bachelor's degree from UC Berkeley and a JD from the UCLA School of Law, and is admitted to practice in New York and California. |  | Kent Walker Vice President & General Counsel As General Counsel, Kent is responsible for managing Google's global legal team and advising the company's board and management on legal issues and corporate governance matters. Before joining Google, Kent held senior legal positions at a number of leading technology companies. Most recently he was Deputy General Counsel of eBay Inc., where he managed corporate legal affairs, litigation, and legal operations. Previously, he was Executive Vice President of Liberate Technologies, a leading provider of interactive services software founded by Oracle and Netscape Communications. He also served as Associate General Counsel for Netscape and America Online and Senior Counsel for AirTouch Communications, which was later acquired by Vodaphone. Earlier in his career, Kent was an Assistant U.S. Attorney with the United States Department of Justice, where he specialized in the prosecution of technology crimes and advised the Attorney General on management and technology issues. Kent has served on the boards of a number of technology industry trade associations and is on the steering committee of the annual Computers, Freedom & Privacy conference. He graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from Harvard College and graduated with distinction from Stanford Law School. |  | Nicole Wong Vice President and Deputy General Counsel Nicole Wong is responsible for Google's product and regulatory matters. Prior to joining Google, Nicole was a partner at the law firm of Perkins Coie, LLP, where she represented traditional media and "new media" clients, including Hearst Corporation, McClatchy Company, The Los Angeles Times, Walt Disney Company, General Electric, Microsoft, Amazon.com and Yahoo!. She is also a co-editor of Electronic Media and Privacy Law Handbook (2003), which is now a collaborative digital treatise maintained by the Electronic Frontier Foundation and students at Boalt Hall School of Law (see http://ilt.eff.org). Nicole has served on the governing committee of the ABA Communications Law Forum since 2001 and on the board of directors of the First Amendment Coalition since 2007. She previously served as a co-chair of the Practising Law Institute's Internet Law Institute and as a member of the San Francisco Sunshine Task Force. She was one of the founders and the first editor-in-chief of the Asian Law Journal. Nicole is a frequent speaker and author on issues related to law and technology, including four appearances before the U.S. Congress regarding Internet policy. She also has taught media and Internet law courses as an adjunct professor at the University of California at Berkeley, Stanford University and University of San Francisco. Nicole received her law degree and a master's degree in journalism from the University of California at Berkeley. | Business Operations  | Kristen Gil Vice President, Business Operations Kristen joined Google in 2007 and currently leads the Business Operations and Strategy team, which helps the company to innovate at scale by designing efficient business processes and solving strategic business problems. Her team tackles projects such as global resource allocation and investment analysis, operational strategy and readiness for emerging and growing businesses, internal operations improvements and organization design. Prior to joining Google, Kristen was general manager and then senior vice president of corporate strategy at Marketron International, helping to turn around the software company and improve earnings performance. She was also a management consultant at McKinsey & Company in San Francisco, focused on improving operations at a wide range of companies. Kristen holds an MBA from Harvard Business School and a bachelor's degree in industrial engineering & operations research from Cornell University. | Finance  | Brent Callinicos Vice President & Treasurer As Vice President and Treasurer at Google, Brent is responsible for treasury and risk management activities. He joined Google early in 2007 after 14 years at Microsoft. His most recent role there was as Corporate Vice President and Divisional CFO for Microsoft's Platforms and Services Division, which encompassed the Windows, Server and MSN business groups. He was also Microsoft's Treasurer from 2000-2004. Brent has received numerous awards and commendations for his leadership at Microsoft, including a 2003 Alexander Hamilton award for Overall Treasury Excellence. Previously, Brent worked at Walt Disney, with financial responsibility for Walt Disney Records, and in various treasury and financial capacities at Procter & Gamble. Aside from his many other memberships and advisory roles, Brent served on Washington State's Governor's Council of Economic Advisors from 2001-2006. Brent received a BS in business administration from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and an MBA in finance from the Kenan Flagler school at UNC. Brent is also a CPA. He was honored with the Distinguished MBA Alumni Award from Kenan Flagler in 2004 and cited as a top alumnus in the Wall Street Journal and Princeton Review. In June 2009 he was named one of the "100 Most Influential People in Finance" by Treasury and Risk Magazine. |  | Mark Fuchs Vice President of Finance and Chief Accountant Mark is responsible for external reporting, technical accounting, the worldwide general ledger and consolidations, and Sarbanes-Oxley compliance and internal audit. He joined Google in 2003 from the Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. He has more than 20 years of finance and accounting experience and has held senior positions at Apple Inc., Ernst & Young LLP, and a startup. Mark earned a B.S. in Business Administration with an emphasis in Accounting from the University of California at Berkeley. He is a Certified Public Accountant. |  | David Radcliffe Vice President, Real Estate and Workplace Services David joined Google in early 2006 and is responsible for managing Google's global real estate portfolio and workplace-related services. Prior to Google, David was at the Trammell Crow Company, one of the largest diversified real estate services companies in the world, where he was senior vice president of international operations. Immediately preceding that position, he served as group vice president of real estate and workplace services for PeopleSoft, Inc., where he managed PeopleSoft's global corporate services organization as well as its real estate and facilities functions. David earned an MBA with a concentration in real estate and construction management from the University of Denver and a Bachelor of Engineering from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. |  | Jason Wheeler Vice President, Finance Jason joined Google in 2002 and currently serves as vice president of finance. In this role, he is responsible for the finance business partnerships with all functions and regions, as well as leading Google's forecasting, management reporting and financial analysis efforts. Previously, Jason built and managed the corporate FP&A team and was most recently the head of finance for EMEA operations, where his responsibilities covered all financial functions including accounting & controls, financial operations and FP&A. Before joining Google, Jason held various financial analyst positions at Hewlett Packard, and was a management consultant with Booz Allen Hamilton for a variety of companies in the communications, media and technology industries. Jason holds an MBA from the Harvard Business School and a bachelor's degree in finance from Colorado State University, where he graduated summa cum laude. | People Operations  | Liane Hornsey Vice President, People Operations - Sales & Business Development Liane joined Google in 2006 and provides leadership in People Operations across Global Sales Operations and Business Development. Her previous roles include group people director at lastminute.com, managing director of human resources at Ntl:Group (now Virgin Media) and vice president of European operations at Bertelsmann Music Group. Liane's early career was spent in sales and marketing. She is an advisor to Cheapflights.com and holds a bachelor's degree in English from Newcastle University. | Google.org  | Megan Smith Vice President, New Business Development, and General Manager, Google.org Megan oversees teams that manage early-stage partnerships, explorations and technology licensing. She also leads the Google.org team, guiding strategy and developing new partnerships and internal projects with Google's engineering and product teams. She joined Google in 2003 and has led several of the company's acquisitions, including Keyhole (Google Earth), Where2Tech (Google Maps), and Picasa. She also co-led the company's early work with publishers for Google Book Search. Previously, Megan was the CEO and, earlier, COO of PlanetOut, the leading gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender online community. Under her leadership, PlanetOut grew tenfold in reach and revenue. Prior to that, Megan was at General Magic for six years working on handheld communications products and partnerships. She also worked in multimedia at Apple Japan in Tokyo. Over the years, Megan has contributed to a wide range of engineering projects, such as designing an award-winning bicycle lock; working on a space station construction research project that eventually flew on the U.S. space shuttle; and running a field-research study on solar cookstoves in South America. She was also a member of the MIT-Solectria student team that designed, built, and raced a solar car in the first cross-continental solar car race, covering 2000 miles of the Australian outback. She was selected as one of the 100 World Economic Forum technology pioneers for 2001 and 2002. Megan holds a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in mechanical engineering from MIT, where she now serves on the board. She completed her master's thesis work at the MIT Media Lab. | Google Ventures  | Bill Maris Managing Partner, Google Ventures Bill is the managing partner of Google Ventures, and brings with him a combination of technical expertise and hands-on start-up experience, including founding web-hosting pioneer Burlee.com (now part of Web.com), where he built much of the key computing, network and technological infrastructure. Previously, Bill was a biotechnology and healthcare portfolio manager for Stockholm, Sweden-based Investor AB. His background also includes research at the Duke University Medical Center Department of Neurobiology. Bill received his degree in neuroscience with honors from Middlebury College. | Google Milestones Google Timeline Check out the interactive version of our company history. Our company has packed a lot in to a relatively young life. We've captured some of the key milestones in Google's development. 1995-1997 - 1998 - 1999 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009 1995-1997 1995 - Larry Page and Sergey Brin meet at Stanford. (Larry, 22, a U Michigan grad, is considering the school; Sergey, 21, is assigned to show him around.) According to some accounts, they disagree about most everything during this first meeting.
1996 - Larry and Sergey, now Stanford computer science grad students, begin collaborating on a search engine called BackRub.
- BackRub operates on Stanford servers for more than a year -- eventually taking up too much bandwidth to suit the university.
1997 - Larry and Sergey decide that the BackRub search engine needs a new name. After some brainstorming, they go with Google -- a play on the word "googol, " a mathematical term for the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by 100 zeros. The use of the term reflects their mission to organize a seemingly infinite amount of information on the web.
1998 August - Sun co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim writes a check for $100, 000 to an entity that doesn't exist yet: a company called Google Inc.
September - Google sets up workspace in Susan Wojcicki's garage at 232 Santa Margarita, Menlo Park.
- Google files for incorporation in California on September 4. Shortly thereafter, Larry and Sergey open a bank account in the newly-established company's name and deposit Andy Bechtolsheim's check.
- Larry and Sergey hire Craig Silverstein as their first employee; he's a fellow computer science grad student at Stanford.
December - "PC Magazine" reports that Google "has an uncanny knack for returning extremely relevant results" and recognizes us as the search engine of choice in the Top 100 Web Sites for 1998.
1999 February - We outgrow our garage office and move to new digs at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto with just 8 employees.
April May June - Our first press release announces a $25 million round from Sequoia Capital and Kleiner Perkins; John Doerr and Michael Moritz join the board. The release quotes Moritz describing "Googlers" as "people who use Google."
August - We move to our first Mountain View location: 2400 E. Bayshore. Mountain View is a few miles south of Stanford University, and north of the older towns of Silicon Valley: Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, San Jose.
November - Charlie Ayers joins as Google's first chef. He wins the job in a cook-off judged by the company's 40 employees. Previous claim to fame: catering for the Grateful Dead.
2000 April - On April Fool's Day, we announce the MentalPlex: Google's ability to read your mind as you visualize the search results you want. Thus begins our annual foray in the Silicon Valley tradition of April 1 hoaxes.
May - The first 10 language versions of Google.com are released: French, German, Italian, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Norwegian and Danish.
- We win our first Webby Awards: Technical Achievement (voted by judges) and Peoples' Voice (voted by users).
June September - We start offering search in Chinese, Japanese and Korean, bringing our total number of supported languages to 15.
October - Google AdWords launches with 350 customers. The self-service ad program promises online activation with a credit card, keyword targeting and performance feedback.
December - Google Toolbar is released. It's a browser plug-in that makes it possible to search without visiting the Google homepage.
2001 January - We announce the hire of Silicon Valley veteran Wayne Rosing as our first VP of engineering operations.
February - Our first public acquisition: Deja.com's Usenet Discussion Service, an archive of 500 million Usenet discussions dating back to 1995. We add search and browse features and launch it as Google Groups.
March April July - Image Search launches, offering access to 250 million images.
August - We open our first international office, in Tokyo.
- Eric Schmidt becomes our CEO. Larry and Sergey are named presidents of products and technology, respectively.
October December 2002 February - Klingon becomes one of 72 language interfaces.
- The first Google hardware is released: it's a yellow box called the Google Search Appliance that businesses can plug into their computer network to enable search capabilities for their own documents.
- We release a major overhaul for AdWords, including new cost-per-click pricing.
April - For April Fool's Day, we announce that pigeons power our search results.
- We release a set of APIs, enabling developers to query more than 2 billion web documents and program in their favorite environment, including Java, Perl and Visual Studio.
May - We announce a major partnership with AOL to offer Google search and sponsored links to 34 million customers using CompuServe, Netscape and AOL.com.
- We release Google Labs, a place to try out beta technologies fresh from our R&D team.
September October - We open our first Australian office in Sydney.
December 2003 January - American Dialect Society members vote "google" the "most useful" Word of the Year for 2002.
February March - We announce a new content-targeted advertising service, enabling publishers large and small to access Google's vast network of advertisers. (Weeks later, on April 23, we acquired Applied Semantics, whose technology bolsters the service named AdSense.)
April - We launch Google Grants, our in-kind advertising program for nonprofit organizations to run in-kind ad campaigns for their cause.
October - Registration opens for programmers to compete for cash prizes and recognition at our first-ever Code Jam. Coders can work in Java, C++, C# or VB.NET.
December 2004 January - orkut launches as a way for us to tap into the sphere of social networking.
February - Larry Page is inducted into the National Academy of Engineering.
- Our search index hits a new milestone: 6 billion items, including 4.28 billion web pages and 880 million images.
March - We move to our new "Googleplex" at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, giving 800+ employees a campus environment.
- We formalize our enterprise unit with the hire of Dave Girouard as general manager; reporters begin reporting in April about our vision for the enterprise search business.
- We introduce Google Local, offering relevant neighborhood business listings, maps, and directions. (Later, Local is combined with Google Maps.)
April - For April Fool's we announce plans to open the Googlunaplex, a new research facility on the Moon.
May - We announce the first winners of the Google Anita Borg Scholarship, awarded to outstanding women studying computer science. Today these scholarships are open to students in the U.S., Canada, Australia and Europe.
August - Our Initial Public Offering of 19, 605, 052 shares of Class A common stock takes place on Wall Street on August 18. Opening price: $85 per share.
September - There are more than 100 Google domains (Norway and Kenya are #102 and #103). The list has since grown to more than 150.
October - We formally open our office in Dublin, Ireland, with 150 multilingual Googlers, a visit from Sergey and Larry, and recognition from the Deputy Prime Minister of Ireland, Mary Harney.
- Google SMS (short message service) launches; send your text search queries to GOOGL or 466453 on your mobile device.
- Larry and Sergey are named Fellows by the Marconi Society, which recognizes "lasting scientific contributions to human progress in the field of communications science and the Internet."
- We spotlight our new engineering offices in Bangalore and Hyderabad, India with a visit from Sergey and Larry.
- Google Desktop Search is introduced: you can now search for files and documents stored on your hard drive using Google technology.
- We launch the beta version of Google Scholar, a free service for searching scholarly literature such as peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, preprints, abstracts and technical reports.
- We acquire Keyhole, a digital mapping company whose technology will later become Google Earth.
November December - We open our Tokyo R&D (research & development) center to attract the best and brightest among Japanese and other Asian engineers.
- The Google Print Program (since renamed Google Book Search) expands through digital scanning partnerships with the libraries of Harvard, Stanford, University of Michigan, and Oxford plus the New York Public Library.
2005 February March - We launch code.google.com, a new place for developer-oriented resources, including all of our APIs.
- Some 14, 000 programmers from six countries compete for cash prizes and recognition at our first coding competition in India, with top scores going to Ardian Kristanto Poernomo of Singapore.
- We acquire Urchin, a web analytics company whose technology is used to create Google Analytics.
April May June - We hold our first Summer of Code, a 3-month $2 million program that aims to help computer science students contribute to open source software development.
- Google Mobile Web Search is released, specially formulated for viewing search results on mobile phones.
- We unveil Google Earth: a satellite imagery-based mapping service combining 3D buildings and terrain with mapping capabilities and Google search.
- We release Personalized Search in Labs: over time, your (opt-in) search history will closely reflect your interests.
- API for Maps released; developers can embed Google Maps on many kinds of mapping services and sites.
August - Google scores well in the U.S. government's 2005 machine translation evaluation. (We've done so in subsequent years as well.)
- We launch Google Talk, a downloadable Windows application that enables you to talk or IM with friends quickly and easily, as well as talk using a computer microphone and speaker (no phone required) for free.
September - Overlays in Google Earth illuminate the devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina around New Orleans and the Gulf Coast. Some rescue teams use these tools to locate stranded victims.
- DARPA veteran Vint Cerf joins Google to carry on his quest for a global open Internet.
- Dr. Kai-Fu Lee begins work at our new Research and Development Center in China.
- Google Blog Search goes live; it's the way to find current and relevant blog postings on particular topics throughout the enormous blogosphere.
October - Feed aficionados rejoice as Google Reader, a feed reader, is introduced at the Web 2.0 conference in San Francisco.
- Googlers volunteer to produce the first Mountain View book event with Malcolm Gladwell, author of "Blink" and "The Tipping Point." Since then, the Authors@Google program has hosted more than 480 authors in 12 offices across the U.S., Europe and India.
November - We release Google Analytics, formerly known as Urchin, for measuring the impact of websites and marketing campaigns.
- We announce the opening of our first offices in So Paulo and Mexico City.
December 2006 January February March - We announce the acquisition of Writely, a web-based word processing application that subsequently becomes the basis for Google Docs.
- A team working from Mountain View, Bangalore and New York collaborates to create Google Finance, our approach to an improved search experience for financial information.
April - For April Fool's we unveil a new product, Google Romance: "Dating is a search problem."
- We launch Google Calendar, complete with sharing and group features.
- We release Maps for France, Germany, Italy and Spain.
May - We release Google Trends, a way to visualize the popularity of searches over time.
June - We announce Picasa Web Albums, allowing your to upload and share your photos online.
- The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) adds "Google" as a verb.
- We announce Google Checkout, a fast and easy way to pay for online purchases.
- Gmail, Google News and iGoogle become available on mobile phones in eight more languages besides English: French, Italian, German, Spanish, Dutch, Russian, Chinese and Turkish.
- Gmail launches in Arabic and Hebrew, bringing the number of interfaces up to 40.
July - At Google Code Jam Europe, nearly 10, 000 programmers from 31 countries compete at Google Dublin for the top prizes; Tomasz Czajka from Poland wins the final round.
August September October November - The first nationwide Doodle 4 Google contest in the U.K. takes place with the theme My Britain. More than 15, 000 kids in Britain enter, and 13-year old Katherine Chisnall is chosen to have her doodle displayed on www.google.co.uk. There have been Doodle 4 Google contests in several other years and countries since.
December 2007 January - We announce a partnership with China Mobile, the world's largest mobile telecom carrier, to provide mobile and Internet search services in China.
February - We release Google Maps in Australia, complete with local business results and mobile capability.
- Google Docs & Spreadsheets is available in eleven more languages: French, Italian, German, Spanish, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Korean, Turkish, Polish, Dutch, Portuguese (Brazil) and Russian.
- For Valentine's Day, we open up Gmail to everyone. (Previously, it was available by invitation only).
- Google Apps Premier Edition launches, bringing cloud computing to businesses.
- The Candidates@Google series kicks off with Senator Hillary Clinton, the first of several 2008 Presidential candidates, including Senator Barack Obama and Senator John McCain, to visit the Googleplex.
- We introduce traffic information to Google Maps for more than 30 cities around the US.
March April May - In partnership with the Growing Connection, we plant a vegetable garden in the middle of the Googleplex, the output of which is incorporated into our caf offerings.
- We move into permanent space in Ann Arbor, Michigan and Governor Jennifer Granholm helps us celebrate. The office is an AdWords support site.
- At our Searchology event, we announce new strides taken towards universal search. Now video, news, books, image and local results are all integrated together in one search result.
- Google Hot Trends launches, listing the current 100 most active queries, showing what people are searching for at the moment.
- Street View debuts in Google Maps in five U.S. cities: New York, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Miami, and Denver.
- On Developer Day, we announce Google Gears (now known just as Gears), an open source technology for creating offline web applications.
June - Google Maps gets prime placement on the original Apple iPhone.
- YouTube becomes available in nine more domains: Brazil, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Ireland and the U.K.
- We announce a partnership with Salesforce.com, combining that company's on-demand CRM applications with AdWords.
- We unveil several "green" initiatives: RechargeIT, aimed at accelerating the adoption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the completion of our installation of solar panels at the Googleplex, in Mountain View, and our intention to be completely carbon-neutral by the end of 2007. We also announce the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, in collaboration with Intel, Dell, and more than 30 other companies.
- Google Earth Outreach is introduced, designed to help nonprofit organizations use Google Earth to advocate their causes.
July August September - AdSense for Mobile is introduced, giving sites optimized for mobile browsers the ability to host the same ads as standard websites.
- Together with the X PRIZE Foundation we announce the Google Lunar X PRIZE, a robotic race to the Moon for a $30 million prize purse.
- We add Presently, a new application for making slide presentations, to Google Docs.
- Google Reader becomes available in French, Italian, German, Spanish, Dutch, English (U.K.), Chinese (Traditional and Simplified), Japanese and Korean.
October - We partner with IBM on a supercomputing initiative so that students can learn to work at Internet scale on computing challenges.
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